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A TREATISE 



ON 



Yfiil Sof(^ 



AND HIS DISEASES 




For explanation of numbers on this horse, see 2nd page. 
PUBLISHED BY 

B. J. KENDALL, M. D., ENOSBURGH FALLS, VERMONT. 
HUNDRED AND TWENTIETH THOUSAND. 



PUBLISHER'S ANNOUNCEMENT. 



We begin the issue of the 6th edition of this book, which completes the 
hundred and twentieth thousand, with a feeling of great satisfaction, for 
the reason that it has hatt a very extensive sale, considering the short 
time since it was first published, and also because it has given the very 
best of satisfaction. Thousands who have seen it commend it, and many 
good horsemen have extolled it in the highest of terms, even stating 
that they preferred it to books which cost five or ten dollars. It contains 
nothing which should exclude it from the most refined family, but rath- 
er, it should be read by every body, as it teaches humane principles, and 
has a tendency to elevate the morals, by reminding all that " a merciful 
man is merciful to his beast.'''' 



Copyright, 1879, by B. J. KENDALL, 
All rights reserved. 



A TREATISE 



ON 



The Horse 

AND HIS DISEASES; 



CONTAINING 



4N " INDEX OF DISEASES, WniCIL GIVES THE SYMPTOMS, CAUSE, AND 
THE BEST TREATMENT OF EACH ; A TABLE GIVING ALL THE PE1N 
CIPAL DRUGS USED FOR THE HORSE, WITH THE ORDINARY DOSE, 
EFFECTS, AND ANTIDOTE WHEN A POISON ; A TABLE WITH AN 
ENGRAVING OF THE HORSE'S TEETH AT DIFFERENT AGES, WITH 
RULES FOR TELLING THE AGE OF THE HORSE ; A VALUA- 
BLE COLLECTION OF RECEIPTS, AND MUCH OTHER 

VALUABLE INFORMATION. 

BY 

/ 

B. J. KENDALL, M. D., ENOSBURGH FALLS, VT. 



Illustrated by H. W. & A. E. ILerriok, Manchester, N. H. 

CLAREMONT, N. H., 
THE CLAKEMONT MANUFACTURING CO., PRINTERS AND STEREOTYPERS ' " 

1879. 



PREFACE. 



It has been one of our greatest aims in preparing copy for this book, 
to make it as plain as possible for the non-professional readers, and give 
them information which is of the greatest of importance to horsemen, 
and yet avoiding all technical terms as much as possible, and also con- 
densing the book as much as we can do without leaving out the real 
essential information in treating each subject. 

It contains an Index of Diseases giving a description of each Avith 
causes, symptoms and treatment. Also a large collection of Valuable 
Receipts, of which many single receipts are worth to every horse owner, 
several times the price of the book. 

The treatment given for each disease can be relied on as being the 
best. To aid the non-professional horse owners, in deciding what the 
disease may be, we give engravings, which show the positions taken in 
the different stages of diseases, and which is of great value in coming to 
a positive conclusion as to the nature of the disease. 



Explanation of Engraving on Cover. 



1. Forehead. 

2. Jaw. 

3. Throat. 

4. Breast . 

5. Shoulder. 

6. Arm. 

7. Large Pastern. 

8. Small Pastern. 

9. Withers . 
10. Back. 



11. 


Loin. 


12. 


Hip. 


13. 


Stifle. 


14. 


Thigh. 


15. 


Hamstring. 


16. 


Point of the hock 


17. 


Hock . 


18. 


Croup or Rump. 


10. 


Dock. 


20. 


Cannon-Bones 



INDEX OF DISEASES. 



ABSCESS OF THE BRAIN. Is caused by some injury to the head. 

Symptoms. Refuses food ; acts dull ; a slight oozing from a trivial in- 
jury upon the skull ; the animal is prostrated and while lying down con- 
tinues to knock the head against the ground violently until death ensues. 

Treatment. No treatment is of any service. 

ABDOMINAL DROPSY is usually the result of chronic inflam- 
mation of the bowels. 

Symptoms. Head hanging ; mouth dry ; membranes look pale ; pulse 
hard. If the horse turns about suddenly will elicit a grunt. Pressure 
to the abdomen will cause him to groan. A lack of spirits; lies down 
constantly if left to himself; is restless, thirsty, no appetite ; is weak, 
abdomen enlarged yet the horse quite thin in flesh, hide-bound, and 
constipated. One of the legs and sheath sometimes are swelled. 

Treatment. Begin the treatment soon as you can decide as to the na- 
ture of the disease. Give night and morning 20 grs. extract of bella- 
donna, 10 grs. sulphate of quinine, 35 grs. iodide of iron, £ gr. strychnia. 
Mix, and give at each dose. Mix 5 ozs. tincture of iodine and 2 ozs. 
croton oil and apply a little to a portion of the abdomen by rubbing down 
to the skin and shifting to a different location when the skin becomes 
sore. Some cases are incurable. 

BOTS. The stomach seems to be the natural nursery for the protec- 
tion and the propagation of the stomach bot. When the eggs have 
remained in the stomach for a year they become a perfect chrysalis 
(that is the form of a butterfly before it reaches the winged state) and 
then they release their hold of the stomach and are expelled with the 
dung. It will be provided with wings in a short time, and will fly about 
commencing the propagation of its species which passes through the 
same period of incubation. 

They are of two kinds, stomach and fundament bots. The stomach 
bots are the result of turning horses out to pasture in the summer 
months, and are produced from the eggs laid on the fore legs of the 
horse, by the bot fly. 

Symptoms are an unthrifty coat, and loss of flesh after running out 
to pasture. 

Treatment. The general condition of the horse should be improved 
so that the debilitating effects of the bots may not interfere with the 
general health of the horse. It is generally considered impossible to 



4 INFLAMMATION OF BOWELS. 

expel or destroy the bots. Give the following tonic medicines to improve 
the general condition. Pal v. Gentian \ lb. Pulv. Copperas £ lb. Pulv. 
Fenugreek, £ lb. Pulv. Elecampane, \ lb. Mix well and give a large 
tablespoonful once a day. 

Fundament boi. Like the stomach hot, this is also the result of running 
out to grass. Instead of the eggs being deposited on the legs they are de- 
posited on the lips of the horse. They are found in the rectum and oft- 
en seen about the anus and under the tail. 

Treatment. Injections of linseed oil, or tobacco smoke. 

BOWELS, INFLAMMATION OF. The symptoms are very severe 
pain in the belly, and varies from colic in being a continuous pain (while 
in colic there are intervals of rest from pain.) Rolling, pawing, sweat- 
ing, rapid breathing with an inclination to shift about, With great fever 
and excitement. The disease comes on more gradually than colic (which 
see) legs and ears cold, belly tender and painful on pressure. See cut 
for position of nose, &c. 

Causes. Constipation, exposure to 
cold, drinking cold water, when hot, in 
large quantities, hard driving, diarrhoea, 
and as a sequel to colic. 

The above named causes when occur- 
ring in a horse predisposed to the dis- 
ease are quite liable to bring it on. 

Treatment. If the cause is constipa- 
tion, give a quart of raw linseed oil a general symptom of ab- 
and if necessary add from 4 to 6 drops dominal irritation. 

croton oil. If the cause is over-purging give an ounce and a half of 
tincture of opium in a half pint of water. 

If the cause should be other than costiveness or diarrhoea, give 30 
drops of the tincture of aconite root, to be repeated in two hours. Ap- 
ply blankets wrung out of hot water to the belly and renew them every 
15 minutes. Give injections of warm (not hot) water, castile soap, and 
a handful of table salt every half hour until the bowels move some. 
There is a diversity of opinion in regard to bleeding. It is my opinion 
that it is of doubtful utility in this disease. 

BRONCHITIS This disease consists in an inflammation of the aL 
passages of the lungs. It is a very common disease among horses, 
and is sometimes confounded with inflammation of the lungs (or lung 
fever) distempers and colds. 

Symptoms. Begins with a chill, fever, harsh cough, labored breath- 
ing, mouth hot and dry with loss of appetite, and in one or two days a 
discharge from the nostrils will be observed. 

Treatment. Give the horse a good, comfortable place, (not too close 
nor the reverse,) Give 15 to 20 drops tincture of aconite root and re- 




BURNS AND SCALDS. 5 

peat every four hours until six doses have been given which will prob- 
ably relieve the fever. Let the horse have a plenty of cold water to 
drink. We would discourage the idea of bleeding as it would be more 
likely to do harm than good. 

After the fever has subsided (which will probably be about the second 
day) give a few powders of the following: Mix pulv. licorice root, 
pulv. fenugreek and pulv. gentian, two ounces of each, and divide into 
six powders and give in feed two or three times a day. 

Chronic Bronchitis. Is the result of bad treatment of acute bronch- 
itis, and when the attack has been prolonged for some time. 

Symptoms. A cough which seems to be confirmed, with discharge 
from the nostrils, and cough worse after drinking and in the morning. 

Treatment. Take of pulv. gentian and pulv. sulphate of iron — eight 
ounces each. Mix thoroughly and divide into thirty-five powders and 
feed twice a day until all has been given, then make an ointment of red 
iodide of mercury — one drachm, lard, one ounce, thoroughly mixed to- 
gether. Apply the above named ointment down the course of the 
windpipe and the next day apply sweet oil or lard to keep the skin from 
cracking. Repeat the application of the ointment in one week. 

BURNS AND SCALDS. When the burn is so deep as to destroy the 
skin and superficial tissues, we would recommend linseed oil applied 
with bandages to protect the parts from the air and allowed to remain 
for several days. 

But when the skin is not destroyed we have found that " Kendall's 
SpaviniCure " is an excellent remedy for such burns on man ; so we feel 
certain it will work equally well on any animal. 

CALLOUS. A callous is a thickening of the cuticle or of any soft part, 
caused by pressure or friction, or it may be the result of some injury 
which after remaining sore for some time, finally heals leaving a thick, 
aard, and enlarged surface which we term callous, and which not only 
injures the sale of the horse but is also a constant eye-sore to the owner. 

Treatment. We can only recommend one course, as we have had no 
experience with any other, and that is to apply Kendall's Spavin Cure 
fcwo or three times a day, for several weeks, as for spavin. These can 
not generally be removed very quickly, yet if the above plan is fol- 
lowed out it is quite sure to be effectual. 

CAPPED ELBOW. (Shoe Boil.) This enlargement on the point of 
the elbow is on the side of the chest just behind the shoulder. It is a tu- 
mor (or sometimes a simple abscess) caused by direct pressure against 
the calk or heel of the shoe ; particularly when the latter is allowed to 
protrude too far backward. Pads are made by harness makers which 
are quite useful in protecting the parts while the horse is lying. 

Treatment. If the tumor is soft and shows signs of containing pus, 
it would be well to open it and allow the matter to escape. Some reo- 



CAPPED nOCK. 



omraend that the tumor be dissected out with the knife and then treated 
as any simple wound by keeping clean until it heals. " Kendall's Spavin 
Cure " has been used with very gratifying results for Shoe Boil, It 
should be applied twice a day for some time the same as when it is de- 
sired to remove any enlargement. Some get an idea that if a bottle of 
"Kendall's Spavin Cure " is applied, it will do as much good to apply 
the whole in two to four days as to be as many weeks in using it, but we 
would like to have this remembered, that it takes time to remove any 
enlargement and especially if it has existed for any length of time, 
therefore we say it is not so much in the quantity used in a given time 
as in the length of time it is used. We know of no remedy that is so 
certain to remove shoe boil, when properly used, as " Kendall's Spavin 
Cure." 

CAPPED HOCK. This is a soft swelling on the point of the hock- 
joint. 

It is caused by kicking in the harness or stable, or by being kicked by 
another horse, and rarely causes any lameness. 

Treatment. Kendall's Spavin Cure used as for capped elbow is a safe 
and sure remedy. 

CAPPED KNEE. Caused by some injury to the knee. 

Symptoms. A soft tumor in front of the knee. 

Treatment. If let alone it would probably burst and leave a perma- 
nent blemish. If the tumor is hot bathe first with cold water to reduce 
the heat or bind on cloths wet with cold water and change often, then 
apply Kendall's Spavin Cure as directed for capped elbow. 

CAUTERY. {Firing.) This cruel and inhuman practice is one which 
has been practised in the past and, perhaps, is to a slight degree now, but 
we sincerely believe it to be one which ought to be forbidden by all hu- 
mane societies, as the cases which are benefited are very few if any that 
could not be benefited by milder and more humane means. See Firing 
horses. 

COLIC. Colic is a very com- 
mon as well as a very dangerous 
disease. There are two forms, 
Spasmodic and Flatulent Colic. 
The former is of a spasmodic na- 
ture and will, in severe cases, run 
into inflammation of the bowels 
and cause speedy death, if not re- 
lieved. 

Causes of Spasmodic Colic are 
drinking cold water when in a 
heated condition, costiveness, un- 
wholesome food, undue quantity of FIRgT STAGE OF SPASMODI c cone 
food, etc. 




COLIC. 



Symptoms. The horse is suddenly attacked with pain, and shows evi- 
dence of great distress, shifting his position almost constantly, and 
manifesting a desire to lie down. Bat, in a few minutes, these symp- 
toms disappear, and the horse is easy for a short time, when they re- 
turn with increasing severity, until the horse can not be kept upon 
his feet. 

A cold sweat' generally breaks out over the body. The legs and 
ears remain at iibout the natural temperature. 

He looks around to his flank, mostly at the right side, as if pointing 
out the seat of the disease, scrapes the ground with his forward foot, 
and will almost strike his belly with his hind foot. 

The horse heaves at the flanks ; and 
kicks and rolls, and seems much excited, 
and sometimes acts as though he wanted 
to make water, which he cannot do on 
a account of the urethra being spasmodic- 
al ally contracted. This symptom need 
',- J not be treated, (as it frequently is,) for, 
^ as soon as the horse is relieved of the 
colic, he will pass water freely. There- 
SECOND stage of spasmodic fore follow the treatment we give below 
COLIC. and relieve the colic as soon as possible. 




As the disease advances the horse 
will frequently throw himself down 
with force, looks anxiously at the 
sides and sometimes snaps with his 
teeth at his sides, and strikes up- 
wards with his hind feet as they do 
many times with inflammation of the 
bowels. 




Colic 
Attacked suddenly. 
Intervals of rest. 

Pulse not much altered in the ear- 
ly stage of the disease. 

Rubbing belly gives relief 
Ears and legs of a natural temper- 
ature. 
Motion gives relief. 
Strength scarcely affected. 



THIRD STAGE OF SPASMODIC 
COLIC. 

Symptoms of 

Inflammation of bowels. 
Symptoms come on gradually. 
In constant pain. 
Pulse small and much quickened 

and scarcely to be felt many 

times. 
Belly quite tender and sore to the 

touch. 
Ears and legs cold. 
Motion increases pain. 
Strength rapidly failing. 



8 COLIC. 

Treatment. Relievo the pain by giving one ounce sulphuric ether, 
two ounces of tincture of opium (laudanum) and a pint of raw linseed 
oil, and, if not relieved in an hour, repeat the dose. If there is not relief 
in a reasonable length of time after the second dose is given, some rec- 
ommend bleeding from six to ten quarts from the neck vein, but we 
think it is rarely necessary to do this. Occasionally walk the horse 
about to excite the bowels to action. 

The following mixture is said to be very good : 

Take aromatic spirits of ammonia one pint, sulphuric ether one pint, 
sweet spirits of nitre one and a half pints, gum opium (made fine; 
four ounces, camphor gum four ounces, assafoetida four ounces 
Mix all together and shake frequently for 12 or 15 days, then filter or 
strain through flannel and it will be ready for use. Dose : one table- 
spoonful in a little water, repeated in thirty minutes. A larger dose 
may be given sometimes in very severe cases. 

Another excellent remedy, which is always at hand, is one heaping 
tablespoonful of saleratus mixed with one pint of milk and given at one 
dose. 

Always begin the treatment as soon as possible. 

Flatulent Colic, Windy Colic, etc. The horse is uneasy, hangs 
the head, and exhibits a few of the general symptoms of spasmodic 
colic before there is any enlargement of the belly; but more particular- 
ly after, for as soon as the belly swells the pawing commences although 
it is not so violent as in spasmodic colic, 

There is but little rolling or kicking at the belly as in spasmodic 
colic and the horse is not inclined 
to move about much. After from 
one to four days the belly becomes 
much increased in size (if the 
disease is not checked) and the 
animal becomes restless. 

Treatment. Do not bleed for 
flatulent colic. Try injections first, 
and if gas or wind come away with 
it the patient will most likely re- 

1 . , ._ . r. . , FIRST STAGES OF FLATULENT 

cover soon ; but if no benefit is de- 
rived from the injection give the 

remedies as recommended for spasmodic colic. Let the horse be led 
around quietly until the medicine has time to take effect so as to pre- 
vent his falling or rolling as it might cause rupture of the diaphragm. 

CORNS appear in the angle of the hoof near the heel, and are gener- 
ally caused by the shoe being worn too long, causing the shell of the 
hoof to grow over the shoe, which allows the weight to press upon the 
sole; or, the shoe gets moved from its proper position or perhaps nev- 




CURB. 



9 




SITUATION OF 
A CORN. 



er was placed there. As a general rule, the produc- 
tion of corns may be laid to the shoer. 

Upon cutting away the horn there will be found a 
red spot ; but if very bad, the color will be a dark 
purple, and it will be deeper seated. 

Treatment. Dress down the bruised part until 
quite thin, and apply Kendall's Spavin Cure quite 
freely and then put on the shoe, so fitted that there 
will be no pressure on the part. Apply the Spavin 
Cure for several days. If the above tratment fails, 
(which it probably will not,) then dress down the bruised part thin as 
before, and apply Kendall's Blister (which will be sent by mail on re- 
ceipt of $ 1.00), thoroughly rubbed in, and continue as recommended 
above. 
CURB. This is one of the many diseases of the hock-joint, and con- 
sists of an en- 
largement or 
gradual bulging 
out at the poste- 
rior part of the 
hock. (See en- 
graving.) 

Cause. Curb 
1 s caused gen- 
erally by a strain 
from galloping on uneven ground, wrenching the limb, prancing and 
leaping, &c. It is one of the evils which occur among the better breed 
of horses. Man delights in showing off the animal he is mounted upon 

and so it has ever been with man, 
woman or child; they are always 
pleased by the prancing of the horse 
which nevertheless is a very fruit- 
ful cause of curb. Pulling horses up 
suddenly on their haunches is. assert- 
ed to be a frequent cause of curb. 

Treatment. Perfect rest; if hot, 
bandage it and keep it constantly wet 
with cold water and saltpetre for a 
few days until the inflammation has 
ceased, then apply the Spavin Cure 2 
or 3 times a day and rub well with 
the hand. In some cases it is well to 
apply the bandage after each applica- 
tion of Spavin Cure, always applying 
the ban dage-ns smooth as possible and 




SOUND HOCK. 



CURB. 



curb. 




THE SUREST MANNER OF PRODUC- 
ING CURB. 



10 DEBILITY. 

rather tight. In very bad or very old cases we would recommend using 
Kendall's Blister, as directed for ring-bone. 

DEBILITY. This condition accompanies many diseases, for this 
reason anything which has a tendency to reduce the strength of the 
horse, should be avoided while treating many diseases, especially of 
the chest. 

Symptoms of general" debility are swelling of the legs, breast, belly, 
and sheath. The horse is very weak and staggers as he walks. 

Causes are bleeding in treating diseases, starving, and insufficient 
and improper diet given to sick horses when they should have been 
supported by good and sufficient food during their sickness. 

Treatment. Give the tonic powders which we recommended under 
the head of Bots once or twice a day with a liberal amount of good 
feed and allow him to recover wholly before putting into hard work. 

DEFORMITIES IN YOUNG COLTS, are usually caused by an insuf- 
ficient nourishment : but if the colt is taught to suck milk from a bot- 
tle, or something else, so as to become well nourished, deformities of 
the limbs will usually be removed. 

DIARRHOEA. When this disease is not attended with pain, griping 
or pawing, as in colic, it will generally require no treatment, but if it 
continue and the horse shows signs of pain or colic there is reason for 
the belief that there is some irritating poison retained in the bowels 
which does not pass away in the excrement. (See dysentery.) 

Treatment. Treatment that will allay pain is demanded. 

Give twenty drops of tincture of aconite root in a little water and fol- 
low with a powder as given below every three hours until the horse is 
better. Take prepared chalk, five drachms : catechu, pulverized, one 
drachm : pulv. opium ten grains ; mix and give as stated above. Give 
plenty of good cold water to drink. 

When the diarrhoea is better give bran mash for a few days and add 
a little ground flaxseed if convenient. 

DYSENTERY, ACUTE. This disease in the horse is very violent, be- 
cause the length and size of the intestines of the horse render any dis- 
ease within them a very serious affair. 

Cause. Acute dysentery is caused by taking some acrid substance 
into the stomach, such as croton oil with aloes, which produce an inflnm. 
matory purgation; or from the injudicious use of various poisons, such 
as tartar emetic, corrosive sublimate, blue vitriol, arsenic etc. etc. 
Nearly all of these substances will be eaten readily if mixed with the 
grain, therefore any person not knowing the proper quantity to give of 
such poisons should not venture to use them. 

Symptoms, are obscure at the commencement. As in nearly all 
disorders of the intestines, so in this, there is pain in the abdomen. 



DISTEMPER. 



11 



The pain may be slight at 
first or it may be so violent 
as to be confounded with the 
pangs of colic : the thirst is 
excessive : the stench offens- 
ive. 

The position of the body, as 
shown in the engraving, is ex- 
pressive of abdominal p 

Treatment The same as for 
diarrhoea, with larger closes 
of opium when the pain is^ 
violent. Keep the horse and ^ 
stable clean and give the 
horse good care. Do not be 
concerned about the bowels 
if they do not move at all for 
several days. 








SUFFERING FKOM THE EFFECTS OF A 
POWERFUL POISON. 



DISTEMPER. (Strangles.) This form of sore throat is characterized 
by swelling between the bones of the lower jaw, which terminates in an 
abscess. 

Cause A specific poison in the 
blood, which but few horses es- 
cape. 

Treatment. The opinions of dif- 
ferent veterinarians vary in regard 
to the treatment, some recom- 
mending poultices while others 
forbid it &&■. but the following plan 
is undoubtedly as good one as any. 

Give grass or soft feed and 
but little if any medicine and if 
thought best to do anything to 




STRANGLES. 



hasten the suppuration apply warm poultices, or some like blistering. 
The appetite will return when the abscess breaks or is opened. 

EPIZOOTIC. This disease attacks many animals at the- same time, 
and originates in one common cause. 

Treatment. A few years ago when nearly every horse in the country 
had this disease, hundreds were either not treated at all or improperly 
treated and consequently many were left in a bad condition which they 
did not outgrow for months and others died for want of proper treat- 
ment. At this time I was called upon to prescribe for many and I soon 
found that the following powders were the very best thing I could give 



12 FARCY. 

Take of pulv. liquorice 1 lb., elecampane 1 lb,, pulv. fenugreek 1£ lb., 
pulv. gentian £ lb., pulv. anise seed i lb., ginger i lb., black antimony | 
lb., pulv. saltpetre £ lb., sulphur ^ lb., epsom salts 1 lb., pulv. resin 4 lb., 
hard wood ashes k lb., copperas \ lb., mix well and give a tablespoonful 
three times a day, at first, and then only twice each day. 

Every horse that took the above powders recovered fully, and none 
were troubled with the bad after effects which followed many that re- 
ceived no treatment. 

FARCY. This is a scrofulous disease affecting the horse. 

Symptoms. The hair looks rough and unhealthy ; one of the legs will 
generally swell to a very large size, generally the fore leg— hot and 
painful — and in a short time will break out in small running sores, 
discharging a thin, unhealthy fluid, and sometimes the discharge is 
thicker. 

On the side of the neck, body or inside of the leg will be felt a thick 
substance under the skin but somewhat elevated and hardened and in- 
terrupted at distances with a small sore similar to that on the leg. In 
some cases soft, puffy swellings will be found about many parts of the 
body. 

Cause. Poorly ventilated stables which are overcrowded with horses ; 
inoculation from the virus of the glandered or farcied horses, and this 
virus producing a ferment in the blood. Absorption of pus into the 
blood is liable to produce either farcy, glanders or some other 
zymotic disease. 

Treatment. Understanding the cause of this disease you will readily 
see what the treatment should be — that by removing the cause the effects 
will cease. Give a tablespoonful of Sulphite (not sulphate) of soda 
twice a day. 

This remedy will stop all fermentation and purify the blood. It would 
be well to continue the sulphite of soda two or three times a week for 
a few weeks after the horse seems to be well. 

After leaving off the sulphite of soda — give the tonic powders as 
directed in the treatment for bots, to improve the general condition of 
the horse. Give good and generous feed. 

Another plan is to give the following powders once or twice a day. 
Take sulphur, 8 ozs. saltpetre, 4 ozs. black antimony, 2 ozs. mix and give 
one tablespoonful. 

Another mode of treating this disease is to give three drachms of 
sulphate of copper every night in the food until the horse refuses to eat. 

After a few clays repeat, but if the case is bad give the medicine as a 
drench in water, for ten days, if he will not take it in his food. 

The horse should be removed from all healthy animals, as well as ah 
his clothing and articles used in feeding him, as this is one of the con- 
tagious diseases of the horse. 



FIRING HORSES. 13 

FIRING HORSES. I can fully indorse the following statements of Dr 
Robt. Mc Clnre in regard to this inhuman practice. He says — " This is 
an operation which is a great favorite, and in much repute among horse 
doctors. For my part I think it is not only cruel and barbarous, but un- 
necessary, doing no good whatever, and in many cases a positive injury, 
the effects of which will never disappear from the legs or body while the 
animal lives. Firing is intended by its advocates to prevent and cure' 
spavin, curbs, sprains and ring-bones by scoring the parts with a red 
hot iron in lines over the part that is thought will be diseased or are 
already so." See Cautery. 

FOOT DISEASES. Navicular disease. (See engraving on cover for 
location.) 

This is a serious disease, and sometimes is very obscure in its 
symptoms, according to the stage of the disease. Fortunately this dis- 
ease is rarely met with, but it is a fruitful cause of permanent lame- 
ness. It is many times attributed to some difficulty in the shoulder. 

Causes. Hard work upon pavements causing slight inflammation 
which is neglected and the horse kept at work so 'that the inflammation 
continues until it ends in ulceration. 

Symptoms are obscure and yet very much like many of the symp- 
toms of other diseases of the feet and legs or shoulders. It is determined 
chiefly by an undue amount of heat in the foot and by the fact that no 
disease can be found elsewhere or of a different character. 

Treatment. Is generally considered incurable if it has oeen of long 
standing. Probably the best treatment is to blister just above the hoof 
and keep, well oiled as per direction for ring-bone. 

Poultices sometimes relieve the pain. 

FOUNDER. ( Laminitis.) This disease is inflammation of the sen- 
sitive lamina of the foot, of which there are two kinds, acute and 
chronic, the latter being a continuation of the former. The acute form 
is invariably cured, if properly treated, but the chronic form is generally 
considered incurable; but can be relieved very much- yet they are al- 
ways afterward sore and tender in front. 

Causes. Allowing to drink cold water, when overheated and tired 
from overwork, standing in a cold air ( or where the wind will strike 
the horse ) while warm, driving through a river while warm, long and 
hard drives over dry roads &c. 

Symptoms. The horse will stand upon his heels, with fore feet and 
legs stretched out as far as he can get them so as to throw the weight 
off as much as possible; and he can scarcely be made to move. The 
horse has fever and considerable constitutional disturbance in the acute 
form of the disease. 

Treatment {of acute founder.) Give the horse a good bedding of 
straw, in a large, well ventilated stall, so as to encourage him to lie 



14 CHRONIC FOUNDER. 

down, which, by removing the weight from the inflamed parts, will re 
lieve his sufferings very much and assist in hastening the cure. As soon 
as his bed is fixed, give him twenty drops of the tincture of aconite root 
in a half pint of cold water, poured into his mouth with a bottle 
having a strong neck, and repeat this dose every four hours until six or 
-eight doses have been given. Also apply cloth wet in ice-water to the 
feet and keep wet with the same for several hours until the severe pain 
has been relieved. Wet the cloths often and continue for 2 or 3 days 
or longer if necessary. Give plenty of cold water to drink. The above 
treatment should be adopted as soon as possible after the horse has been 
attacked with founder. Let the horse have rest until he has fully re- 
covered. Give grass or mashes for 2 or 3 days and then give a good 
and fair amount of feed. 

Although bleeding is quite strongly recommended by some yet I am 
firmly of the opinion that the above plan, if properly carried out, will 
be much more successful. 

CHRONIC FOUNDER is not curable, but may be palliated. The 
treatment should depend principally upon softening the hoof by oiling 
well with castor oil and continuing to keep the hoof well oiled on the 
bottom and sides up on to the <kin. 

We would also recommend in shoeing to place apiece of sole leather 
under the shoe which will cover the whole of the bottom of the foot 
and drive the nails through the leather so as to hold it as long as the 
shoe remains on, then pack oakum or cotton batting saturated with tar 
under the leather so as to soften up the bottom of the hoof. This works 
admirably in many cases. 

Some pare the soles of the feet and then allow them to stand in about 
six inches of sawdust wet a little every morning for two or three weeks. 
This is also a good plan to follow when horses are recovering from 
acute founder. 

FRACTURE. The term fracture is here used to signify a broken bone. 
A fracture is termed simple when the bone only is divided ; coir pound, 
when in addition, there is an external wound of the integuments com- 
municating with it; comminuted when the bone is broken or crushed 
into several pieces. 

The simple fracture, is the only variety that calls for much notice in 
view of the fact that it is usually of but little use to attempt to treat 
either of the other two varieties. 

Many cases of simple fracture may be successfully treated so that tha 
horse will be useful for many purposes if not for driving. 

Symptoms. A broken bone is usually detected quite easily, especially 
when a long bone of the leg, as the horse has not the power to move it, 
and also by the looseness of the leg. The horse is in great pain, excite- 
ment, sweating &c. 



FROST BITES. 15 

Treatment. If in the summer season, place the horse in the Held or 
yard and in winter in a large comfortable stable or in a barn-yard, if 
well protected from the wind, and storm. Do not give too much bed- 
ding nor allow anything to be in the way of the foot so it can be carried 
without interruption. Give twenty five drops tincture aconite root 
every five hours, for the first twenty or twenty five hours, to lessen the 
fever and pain. 

Place the broken leg in a position as near like the other as possible 
in shape and also ( by actual measurement ) to be the same length, for 
it is by neglecting the measurement that some are left to unite shorter 
than the sound leg. 

When the leg is placed in the same shape and length of the sound 
one, apply a good coating of tar to the leg, around, below, and above 
the point of fracture. Then wrap the whole leg in carded cotton or 
coarse tow, and place over this splints cut out of pieces of boards, 
which will rest evenly upon the leg prepared as above, and fill all un- 
evenness with the tow or cotton. 

Have three or four splints so as to hold the leg in position constantly. 
Secure the whole by carefully applying a strong bandage, or by tying 
with soft cord, and make it perfectly secure, so that the horse will not 
move the leg where fractured, before it has time to unite. 

It is considered by some as bad practice to sling a horse from his feet 
in cases of fracture, for a horse will seldom put his foot to the ground 
until the fracture has united, so that it is not necessary to sling.- 

Examine the splints daily and see that they do not get loose. 

Give the horse a liberal amount of good feed and cold water. 

When the horse is kept in a stall it is well to make a hole in the floor, 
underneath the foot of the broken leg so that he can stand with the leg 
at full length. 

With the splints properly applied the horse may safely be left to him- 
self and nature will do the rest. 

FROST BITES. A state of numbness or torpifaction of a part of the 
body, caused by intense cold, which, unless relieved by proper remedies, 
is liable to be followed by death of the part. Horses are most liable. to 
be troubled with frost-bites on the heels and back part of the hind legs, 
which swell badly, and are sometimes mistaken for scratches. 

Treatment. It is very important in the treatment of frost-bites that 
heat should not be applied suddenly, but that very cold water be ap- 
plied, by which means the frost is extracted very slowly. 

Any frozen parts should not be rubbed until the frost has been 
extracted. 

After the heat has returned to the part we know of nothing which we 
think will work better than to apply Kendall's Spavin Cure several 
times ; as by so doing the great pain and soreness which is sure to fol- 



16 GLANDERS. 

low is generally averted and thus the bad running sores which some- 
times follow are prevented. The above treatment is also well adapted 
to frost-bites on man. 

GLANDERS. This disease is alike fruitful of evil to man and beast 
and generally considered incurable. 

A horse may have latent glanders for years, and work well, the dis- 
ease being during this time as contagious as in its developed state. 

Cause. The cause is somewhat varied in different cases and may be 
attributed to tilth, starvation, and debilitating diseases, as lung fever, 
catarrh or any disease capable of generating pus; which being absorbed 
into the circulation forms a ferment within the blood. 

Symptoms. The membrane lining the nostrils assumes a leaden or 
purple color, accompanied by a thin, acrid, transparent and odorless 
discharge. This is the first stage, during which the general health does 
not suffer and the horse may do his ordinary work. 

The discharge grows thicker, and sinks when placed in water. The 
membrane lining the nostrils will be found to have sores, ragged and de- 
pressed at the top, with varicose veins leading to them from all sides. 

The appetite fails, and the horse assumes an emaciated and dull ap- 
pearance. He will be hide-bound, and his legs swell during the day 
and go down at night. 

The ulceration of the nose is very bad, and the sores spread into his 
throat; also, the body is sometimes afflicted with sores. The horse 
ultimately dies in a wasted condition. 

Treatment. Most horsemen recommend that the horse be shot as 
soon as it is decided that he is afflicted with glanders, as they cons.'der 
the disease incurable. 

If the following treatment is adopted early it may prove success! \\. 

Give from one half to one ounce doses of sulphite of soda at night, n 
cut feed, for several weeks, and live grains Spanish Hies (powdered) wit i 
it. Give at the same time, every morning, and noon, a powder, consist- 
ing of three drachms powdered gentian, and two drachms powdered 
sulphate of copper. Give the medicines for a long time not only to cure 
the disease but to improve the general health. 

Give a good liberal feed and change the feed often. 

GREASE HEELS. This disease of the heels and legs of horses ia 
characterized by a white, offensive, greasy discharge from the heels of 
the horse. The skin becomes hot, tender and swollen and sometimes 
sloughs away, which leaves an ugly sore. 

Cause. Sudden changes of temperature of the earth, whether it be 
from heat to cold, or from wet to dry. This disease generally follows 
wet streets, stables or lands. 

Treatme?it. Keep the legs dry and cleansed well with castile soap and 
soft water; then apply once a day Verdigris, one half oz\ rum or proof 



HEAVES. 17 

spirits one pint; mix and shake well before applying. Or apply Ken- 
dall's Spavin Cure after washing well. Some use water, one pint, sul- 
phuric acid, two drachms, corrosive sublimate, one drachm. Mix 
and shake before using. Some cases will be cured by keeping clean and 
applying glycerine, four ozs. carbolic acid one drachm, mixed and ap- 
plied twice a day. While some cases are cured quite readily others will 
not heal for a long time. 

For obstinate cases use the following : Take one pound concentrated 
lye and dissolve it in two quarts water, and bottle for use ; when needed 
pour a wine-glassful of the solution of lye into six quarts of cold water, 
and wasli and bathe the heels for half an hour night and morning. Dry 
the heels often after the bathing as they will become very moist. (See 
Scratches.) 

HEAVES. This disease is due to rupture and enlargement of the air 
cells of the lungs, which lessens the value and usefulness of the horse. 

There is every degree of intensity to be seen in this disease, from the 
case that is so slight that only the expert 
can detect it, to the one which finds it 
very difficult to breathe, even when not 
being exercised. 

Causes. In cases of heaves, horses are 
always greedy eaters ; and it is generally 
found that they have been fed an enor- 
mous amount of hay or coarse food, which 
they are quite sure to eat if they can pos- 
sibly find room for it. Heaves are never 
found in the racing stable, where horses 
are properly fed; consequently, it is but listening to the sounds 
reasonable to attribute the cause to over- made within the wind- 
feeding hay and coarse feed. pipe. 

Treatment. Restrict the quantity of hay and, increase the amount of 
grain fed, which will give the lungs increase of room to act. 

I shall give here, various receipts which experience has proved to be 
good. 

Favorite Receipts for Heaves. 

1st. Assafoetida pulv. one oz. ; Camphor gum pulv. one half oz. 
Mix: and divide into four powders; feed one every other night fo* 
a week. ' v 

2d. Resin, two ozs; tartar emetic, two ozs.; Spanish brown, two ozs; 
cayenne, two ozs. Mix: and give two teaspoonfuls twice a day in the 
feed. 

3d. A horseman with whom I am acquainted, says, he has cured 
several cases of heaves with oil tar. He gives the ordinary case, a 




18 HIDE-BOUND. 

teaspoonful every night or every other night, by pouring it on to the 
tongue and then giving some grain which carries it into the stomach. 

He says he has given very bad cases two or three tablespoonfuls at a 
dose with grand results. 

He reports it to be the best remedy in use, and also good for any cough 
or to put a horse in good condition ; in fact it is his "cure all." 

4th. The Condition Powders recommended for Epizootic have proved 
themselves to be a most excellent remedy when fed quite freely for 
a few days. (See treatment of epizootic.) 

HIDE-BOUND. A term used to denote the adherence of the skin to 
the ribs, when the horse is diseased. It usually arises from a deficiency 
in the quality or quantity of food, and is commonly an attendant on 
lingering diseases. 

Treatment. Give mixed feed — cut hay, bran and corn meal ; wet with 
just enough water to cause the whole to keep together. 

The following powders should be given in the feed every night, for 
two weeks : 

Powdered gentian root three drachms, powdered sulphate of iron, two 
drachms. Mix, and give for one dose. 

HINTS ON FOOD. 1st. The foundation of many diseases is laid in 
feeding all horses in the same proportions, without any regard to age, 
constitution or the work which the horse is required to do. The impro- 
prfety of such a course is readily seen. 

2d. Bad hay has not proper nourishment in it, therefore, it would be 
poor policy to buy it simply because it is cheap as it is often very dear 
in the end. 

3d. Old horses will do better on chaff than on hay, as they can chew 
and digest it better. 

4th. There is not sufficient nutriment in grass or hay alone to sup- 
port a horse well under hard work. 

5th. Corn which has been damaged is very injurious, as it will pro- 
duce inflammation of the bowels and skin diseases. 

6th. Oats and corn are the best nourishment when a horse is worked 
hard, but if not, it should be chiefly hay, because corn and oats supply 
more nourishment and flesh-making material than any other kind of 
food ; but hay not so much. 

7th. For a coach-horse, four to six quarts of good oats and eighteen 
pounds of good hay are sufficient usually. If a horse should be worked 
harder, he should have more of each; but if worked but little, should 
have less. 

8th. Chopped hay sprinkled with a little water, which has had a tea- 
spoonful of salt dissolved in it is quite pleasing to the taste of the horse, 
and is also more easily digested. 

9th Spring or well water is not usually as good for a horse as 



HIP- JOINT LAMENESS. 19 

water from a stream or pond, as the former is usually hard and cold 

10th. Horses require and should have at least a pailful of water, 
morning and evening; or what is better give a half pailful at four differ- 
ent times in the day. 

11th. A horse should not be driven nor worked hard directly after he 
has had a full draught of water, nor soon after eating heartily, as ex- 
ertion prevents digestion. 

12th. Do not allow a horse to become accustomed to drinking warm 
water, for if compelled to drink cold at any time it will be liable to 
cause colic. 

13th. Do not work nor drive a horse after he refuses his food, after 
drinking, until you have given him res*. 

14th. Do not feed nor water a horse directly after coming in very 
warm, but walk him about until cool; groom him quite dry first with a 
wisp of straw and then with a comb and brush, and rub the legs well 
with the hand. When cool give him his grain. 

HIP-JOINT LAMENESS. This disease is generally seen in young 
horses and may be caused by rheumatism or some accident. Although 
it is due many times to a hereditary taint. 

Symptoms. The leg appears shorter, and when the horse is standing 
is placed slightly under the body and not doubled up, or standing upon 
the toe as is seen in diseases of hock-joint. In nearly all cases of so- 
called hip and whirl-bone disease, the true seat of disease will be found 
to be in the hock-joint. (See spavin.) 

In hip-joint lameness there is a dragging or swaying motion of the 
limb outward. An extra degree of heat will be found over this joint. 

Treatment. Give the horse absolute rest for a few weeks and begin, 
when first allowed to rest, to apply cold water cloths over the hip-joint 
a week or more, until the heat and tenderness have been removed. 

Then apply Kendall's Spavin Cure two or three times a day for two or 
three weeks and allow a week's rest after stopping its use. 

INFLAMMATION OF STOMACH. Caused generally by some poi- 
son given to improve the coat of the animal. Some persons are in a 
habit of giving powders which are composed of poisonous drugs to im- 
prove the general appearance of the horse, and which, if given in proper 
quantities and sufficiently diluted, so as not to come in contact with the 
coating of the stomach while it is in full strength, might perhaps do good 
in many cases, but when given by an ignorant person it is sometimes 
given not only full strength but in large doses on the principle that if a 
little will do good a larger amount will do more good. 

Symptoms. The horse is frantic on account of the excessive pain, but 
the symptoms are not decided in all cases. 

The following symptoms occur, but not all in each case; nor do 
they occur simultaneously. Great thirst; loathing of food; redness 



20 



INFLUENZA. 




SUFFERING FROM ACUTE INFLAMMA- 
TION OF THE STOMACH. 



in the spring of the 



of the membranes ; frequent eruc- 
tations which smell bad ; discharge 
of thick saliva ; rolling, pawing, 
colic, striking at the belly, panting, 
tucked-up flanks, quick and small 
pulse, passing mucus in large 
quantities, straining, looking at the 
abdomen, loss of strength, convul- 
sions, madness and death. 

Treatment. Give at once two 
ozs. tincture of opium, and one 
and a half ozs. sulphuric ethe'r, 
two ozs. magnesia in one quart of 
cold gruel or milk, and repeat if 
necessary. 

If corrosive sublimate is known 
to be the poison, give 15 or 20 raw 
eggs with the above drench. 

INFLUENZA. An epidemic disease occurring 
year. 

Symptoms. A chill, suceeded by increased heat of the body, and fever, 
cough, discharge of mucus from the nose, loss of appetite, great pros- 
tration, followed in a day or two with swelling of the legs, and in some 
bad cases of the belly, breast, &c. These symptoms vary some in differ- 
ent cases. 

Treatment. Cover the horse with a good blanket, and place him in 
a good, comfortable stable with proper ventilation but not too cold. 
Give 20 drops of tincture of aconite root in a little cold water every 
four hours until four or five doses have been given, and allow the horse 
plenty of good cold water to drink. 

Then give the following: powdered gentian, four ounces, powdered 
fenugreek, four ounces, and powdered licorice root two ounces. Mix, 
and divide into twenty-five powders and give two or three each day 
Allow the horse to have rest until he has fully recovered. 

INTERFERING. This is usually the result of weakness of the horse, 
although the blacksmith is many times blamed for it, and perhaps justly 
sometimes, on account of being somewhat careless when the interfering 
might have been avoided, with a little care. Yet the cause is generally 
from weakness. 

Treatment. Give the strengthening powders recommended for treat- 
ment of bots and feed well. 

KIDNEYS, DISEASE OF. The straddling gait, as represented 
in the engraving below, is not peculiar to any one disorder of the kid- 
neys more than another, but when it is seen it is always the result 



DISEASE OF KIDNEYS. 



21 




SYMPTOMS OF DISEASES OF THE 
UKINAKY ORGANS. 



of some disorder of the kidneys. 
Gravel. Calculi, stony or gritty 
matter, formed in the kidneys, which 
passes off in the urine. Causes some 
irregularity in making water. 

Treatment. Give 35 drops of mu- 
riatic acid, in a pailful of water to 
drink, and repeat twice a week. 

Bloody urine should be treated by 
placing warm water cloths over the 
back above the kidneys, and give flax 
seed tea to drink, which will soothe 
the parts. When old horses are troub- 
led with kidney disease they can be 
helped a great deal by giving soft feed, 
such as boiled or steamed feed, and 
flaxseed tea, plenty of good cold wa- 
ter to drink at all times and cut grass 
Inflammation of the bladder. Symp- 
toms almost the same as those of in- 
flammation of the kidneys. The tenderness is found when the horse 

is pressed upon under the flanks. 

Treatment about the same as for inflammation of the kidneys, which 

see. Give a quart of linseed oil or other physic, as for inflammation 

of kidneys. 

Inflammation of the Kidneys, is caused by bad provender, hard work, 

slipping, taking a sudden cold after a hard day's work or drive, or after 

being under the saddle for a long time ; 

and also, by an indiscriminate use of 

nitre or other diuretics. 

Symptoms. Quickened and short 

breathing, suggestive of pain ; more 

or less fever, with quick, hard pulse; 

unwillingness to move the hind legs 

which he straddles apart when he || 

walks, as shown in the engraving 

above; looks anxiously around to his 

flanks; urine scanty and high colored, 

and sometimes bloody. The horse sel- 
dom lies down and almost refuses to 

move about, and crouches beneath 

pressure, when made over the kid- 
neys, as shown in the engraving. 

Sometimes confounded with colic, 

which see. 




TEST FOR INFLAMMATION OP 
THE KIDNEYS. 



22 LAMENESS. 

Treatment. Do not give any diuretics, as they will do more harm 
than good. Hot fomentations over the kidneys, and change the cloths 
often. In the first stage, give twenty to forty-five grs. of powdered 
opium, and fifteen grs. of calomel, sprinkled on the tongue, and repeat 
every hour or two, for a few times, or while the acute stage continues. 
No food will he necessary during the acute stage of the disease, but it 
would be well to set before the horse a pailful of good linseed tea and 
allow him to drink all he will. If the pulse is quick and hard, as is 
usually the case, give twenty drops of tincture of aconite root, either 
between doses of opium and calomel or after it has been given, and re- 
peat until the pulse becomes slower and softer. Give the horse a 
month's rest, and use carefully for some time. 

LAMENESS. It occurs as a symptom in spavin, ring-bone, bruises, 
sprains, fractures, and many wounds and injuries, which we treat of in 
their proper places. We do not know of any remedy which equals 
Kendall's Spavin Cure, for lameness of every kind, and it is equally 
good for lameness on man. 

LAMPERS. (Written also, Lampass.) A swelling of some of the 
lower bars of a horse's mouth: so named because formerly removed by 
burning with a lamp or hot iron. 

Treatment. Pinch or cut the bars until they bleed, and then rub in a 
little table salt, which is much better than burning the mouth with a 
red hot iron. 

LUNGS, DISEASES OF. The lungs are subject to many diseases. 

Pneumonia. (Lung fever.) In this disease the substance of the 
lungs is inflamed, instead of the air passages, as in bronchitis. 

Symptoms. The horse, many 
times, will have a discharge from 
the nostrils, following a sudden ex- 
posure to cold after being kept in 
a warm stable, and then the disease 
is ushered in by a chill, followed 
by fever, which is increased for a 
short time; cold legs and ears* 
quick and wiry pulse, quick and 

difficult breathing, pain in chest ^'^^^^' ! *^y^y 
which is aggravatecd by coughing, 
and a quivering of the muscles of 
ihe side and breast. 

The horse will not eat, and continually stands with his head down, 
and ears lop, and will not lie down nor move about; the nostrils are 
expanded. If the ear is applied to the side of the chest or neck a pe- 
culiar creaking noise is heard. 

Cause. Perhaps one of the most frequent causes is a hard or fast 




COMMENCEMENT OF INFLAMMA- 
TION OF THE LUNGS. 



PLELTilSY. 



23 




POSITION ASSUMED IN THE LAST 
STAGE OF PNEUMONIA. 



drive against a cold wind after be- 
ing taken from a warm, tight and 
poorly ventilated stable, where 
several horses have remained 
through the night ; or some differ- 
ent alteration and sudden change 
in heat, cold or moisture; an ani- 
mal not accustomed to work, or 
one not in proper condition to 
Work. 

Treatment. The stable should 
be a comfortable place; not too 
cold and yet well ventilated. Give 
the horse clothing according to the 
weather, but do not change from a heavy blanket to a light one, nor 
to one that is damp. Keep the legs warm with bandages. 

Give twenty-five drops of the tincture of aconite root, in a cupful of 
cold water and repeat the dose every four hours, until five or six doses 
have been given, which will probably cause the horse to perspire freely 
Care should be taken not to allow the horse to stand in a draft of air. 
Do not bleed as some recommend. It was my misfortune in my early 
life to place a horse, sick with this disease, under the care of a so-called, 
veterinary surgeon who bled the horse freely and directed to give him 
large doses of Dover's powder every four hours. 

I was not only the five dollars out which he charged me but came very 
near being out a good horse. The horse was about ruined for life, and 
probably would not have lived, but for my own timely interference, by 
supporting the horse with vigorous tonic and stimulating treatment. 
When the disease turned (as commonly expressed) the horse needed 
every drop of the blood which had been so cruelly taken from him. 

After the horse has taken sufficient tincture of aconite root, as soon 
as he seems to have an appetite for food, a pint of crushed oats, thorough- 
ly scalded, may be given during the day. Great care should be taken 
not to allow the horse a large amount of food at one time, which would 
overload the stomach, as it might cause a return of the disease- Little 
and often must be the rule at first, and then the quantity may be in- 
creased while the frequency is diminished. Do not give any hay for 
several days. 

Raw eggs and other nourishing and stimulating articles may be given, 
if the horse shows signs of great weakness. The nourishment should 
be in a concentrated form and hay and grass kept from the horse for a 
few days and then given in small quantities at first, gradually increased. 

The horse will not lie down until improvement has taken place. 

PLEURISY. This is an inflammation of the membrane covering the 
lungs, and lining the cavity of the chest. 



24 NASAL GLEET. 

Symptoms. A chill, fever, an occasional painful and short cough 
and careful breathing, and a disinclination to turn short. A peculia' 
line will usually be seen running from the haunch, round the belly t<* 
the breast-bone. The breathing is not so quick and short as in inflam- 
mation of the lungs. 

Causes. Broken ribs or wounds and other causes similar to those 
causing lung fever. 

, Treatment. The treatment should be about the same as for lung fever* 
Feed well while the horse is convalescing. 

Abscess of the Lungs. This is sometimes the termination of lung fever 
and is very much to be dreaded. 

Treatment. Should be same as for glanders and should be supported 
if necessary by giving raw eggs, tonics and stimulants, &c. 

NASAL GLEET. This is a chronic discharge from the nostrils, of a 
whitish, muco-purulent matter. It is generally caused by neglecting to 
treat catarrh and colds properly. The horse may look well and feel 
well, and the general health be quite good. 

Treatment. Give a course of tonic powders and feed well. Powders 
like those recommended in the treatment of bots will do well. 

NAVICULAR DISEASE. (See foot disease.) 

POLL-EVIL. This consists of a formation of pus like an abscess, 
and is familiar to all horsemen. 

Cause. Disease of the bone, or injury to the part. 

Treatment. Open the swelling as soon as it has become a little soft, 
before the pus has time to burrow down among the bones and thus pre- 
vent the spread of the disease. 

Make a large opening so as to allow all the pus to escape, and clean 
out well, if necessary, with a swab, so as to remove all the pus, and do 
this twice a day as long as any pus remains. Syringe out with a solu- 
tion of carbolic acid, 50 drops to each pint of soft water. 

PROUD FLESH. A name commonly used to describe an excessive 
growth of flesh on an ulcer or excessive granulation. To cure this, 
sprinkle a little powdered blue vitriol or burnt alum, on the surface. 

QUITTOR. A chronic abscess in the hoof, caused by a bruise or 
prick of the sole, or from the calk of one foot being pressed into the 
coronet of the other, confined pus from suppurating, corn, &c. 

Symptoms. The horse is very lame on account of the inflammation 
before suppuration takes place, which is relieved somewhat as soon as 
the quittor has burst. 

Treatment. This should begin as soon as any lameness is discovered 
from any of the above named causes, and stop the inflammation if pos- 
sible before suppuration takes place. Kendall's Spavin Cure applied 
freely to any of the injuries which result in quittor will prevent this 
termination if applied in season ; but if it is not cut short, then keep 



RHEUMATISM. 25 

olean and apply a solution :>f carbolic acid, one oz., to water, one quart. 

Poultices of flax-seed rnaal are sometimes very useful. 

RHEUMATISM. In acute rheumatism there is great excitement and 
fever with severe pain in the legs and joints. The pain is so severe that 
the horse hardly dares to move from the place he occupies, on account 
of the extreme pain which it causes. Has no unnatural heat in the feet 
as in founder. 

Cause. Exposure to a draft of cold air when a horse has been heated 
and thus suddenly checking perspiration. 

Treatment. Place the horse in a good, comfortable stable as soon as 
possible after it is discovered that he is afflicted with acute rheuma- 
tism, and commence the following treatment. Give the horse about 
twenty-five drops of the tincture of aconite root every four hours un- 
til five or six doses have been given. 

Cover with a blanket and give the horse general good care. Give 
the following powders as soon as the tincture of aconite has been given. 
Bicarbonate soda, four ozs., sulphur, eight ozs., saltpetre powdered, four 
ozs., mix, and divide into eight powders and give two or three times a 
day according to the severity of the case and repeat if necessary. 

Apply Kendall's Spavin Cure to the joints or to any part which swells 
or is tender. 

Chronic Rheumatism. This is a frequent cause of lameness and it is 
many times quite difficult to decide fully as to the cause of the lameness. 

Treatment. For this form of the disease we recommend the same 
powders as given above for acute rheranatism, only to be continued a 
longer time, and to apply the Kendall's Spavin Cure to the afflicted parts. 
Only a small quantity need be used at a lime but it should be rubbed 
down to the skin well and continued for several weeks if it should be 
necessary to continue as long. The Spavin Cure used twice a day is 
also the best external remedy we know of for this disease in man ; but 
should be used for some time, as this disease when of long standing can 
not be cured in a few days. It may be applied a smajl quantity at 
a time and continued foivme to three or four weeks. 

RING-BONE. (For position see plate of skeleton.) Ring-bone is 
the result, usually, of a weakness, hereditary predisposition, or from a 
peculiar formation of the pastern joints which makes them poorly 
adapted to hard work ; and therefore a provisional callous ( or bony 
substance ) is thrown out as a provision of nature to strengthen parts 
which are too weak. 

Only slight injuries to such a joint as we have described above will 
many times result in the growth of a ring-bone. 

Treatment. The treatment of ring-bone has been very unsatisfac- 
tory in the past and is still attended with much difficulty in some cases, 
especially those of long standing and on old horses; yet we feel certain 



26 SADDLE GALLS. 

] # that the following treatment will prove successful in 

a large share of cases, if persevered in. We find many 
I 'J!^ persons who expect a cure too soon and condemn the 

best treatment possible before they have used it long 
enough for it to have any effect whatever, and there- 
fore we say if you would treat ring-bone successfully 




j j& never Stop in a few days, as so serious an affection 

mffi 9 can n °t be removed in so short a time. If it is of re- 

^J§SF r-"'-> ceQ t origin, and the horse is young we feel confident 
that nearly all such cases can be cured with a proper 
use of Kendall's Spavin Cure; but if the case is of 
long standing and on an old horse the chances of a 
ring-bone. cure are lessened and therefore we find it neces- 

1. The joint between sary in many cases to use with the Spavin Cure, 
the pastern bones. Kendairs Blister, as per direction on bottle. 

2. The joint between _ . . _ . ,„ _ . _, ,. . . . 
the lower pastern (or In using the Kendairs Spavin Cure, clip the hair 
small pastern ) and over the bunch and apply from every other clay to 
coffin bone. two or three times a day as seems to work best; rub 
well with the hand often. In most cases it would be best to apply soft 
soap once in four to ten days to soak up the scab, then clean off and ap- 
ply the Spavin Cure again. In some very bad cases where the Spavin 
Cure does not seem to remove the bunch and lameness after using one bot- 
tle, it would be best to use our blister, followed by the application of 
Spavin Cure every day for two or three, weeks when the blister can be 
repeated if necessary. 

In using Kendall's Blister, clip the hair over the bunch and rub in the 
blister well for ten minutes or more. Put on some sweet oil or other 
grease in two days. When the inflammation subsides, wash with cas- 
tile soap and warm water, and when it is dry apply Kendall's Spavin 
Cure as directed on bottle. If the case does not yield in two or three 
weeks, use the blister again as before, followed by the Spavin cure in 
two or three days. 

Tie up the horse's head for a few hours after the Blister has been ap- 
plied. We would say that this blister works admirably on many cases 
alone ( not only for ring-bone but also for spavins, curbs &c.) and is 
particularly of great value in connection with the Spavin Cure for old 
and bad cases which do not seem to yield from the use of the Spavin 
Cure alone. 

( Where the Kendall's Blister cannot be had of the agent, send $ 1. 
to B. J. Kendall, Enos burgh Falls, Vt., and we will send a box by return 
mail.) Give the horse a rest of a few weeks after the cure seems to be 
completed. 

SADDLE GALLS are sores produced by the saddle or any part of 
the harness. 



SCRATCHES. 27 

Treatment. The cause should be removed by attending to the saddle 
or oiher part of the harness and fixing so as to remove the pressure. 
Kendall's Spavin Cure is used with excellent success for all such sores 
by applying a small quantity twice a day. If the Spavin Cure cannot be 
obtained, get at a drug store Laudanum two ozs. Tannin two drachms 
and mix and apply twice a day. 

SCRATCHES. An inflammation of the skin of the heel of a horse, 
the first appearance of which is usually a dry and scurvy state of the 
skin of the heel, with redness, heat, and itching, ( See grease.) 

Treatment. Wash the affected parts clean with castile soap and warm 
soft water and dry, then use glycerine, eight ozs., carbolic acid 1 drachm ; 
mix, and apply twice a day, washing as above when necessary to keep 
the parts clean. Also see treatment for grease. 

It has been reported to us that Kendall's Spavin Cure, applied twice a 
day after washing as above, has worked nicely. It is well usually to give 
condition powders: saltpetre four ozs., sulphur eight ozs., copperas 
four ozs., fenugreek twelve ozs., gentian four ozs., mix; and give a ta- 
ble-spoonful twice a day. 

SHOULDER LAMENESS. This is common among young horses when 
plowing in the furrow or from a slip sideways of horses of all ages. Hor- 
ses in cities are especially liable to this difficulty. The muscles of 
the shoulder and sometimes the shoulder joint is involved. 

Symptoms. Heat, tenderness, and sometimes swelling of the parts 
It is sometimes difficult to ascertain the exact location of the lameness 
but by making a thorough examination of all parts and finding no lame- 
ness, heat, or tenderness in other parts, it will be quite certain that the 
difficulty is located in the shoulder, especially if found hot and tender. 
The horse steps shorter with the sound leg than with the lame one, 
which he drags along. In nearly all diseases in the foot the horse 
stretches the leg out straight forward, but in shoulder lameness it will be 
carried out more from the body. 

Treatment. The horse should have entire rest, and the shoulder should 
have cold water cloths applied to it for two or three days and changed 
frequently. As soon as the heat has been reduced the cold water cloths' 
may be left off and Kendall's Spavin Cure applied twice a day for a 
few days or until the lameness subsides. In some cases the Kendall's 
Blister would work admirably. 

In applying the Blister place it where the friction from the collar will 
not affect it. Allow the horse a rest of two or three weeks after the 
cure seems to be complete and treatment stopped. 

SHOULDER-JOINT LAMENESS. This difficulty being located in 
the joint is much more serious than the shoulder lameness just described, 
and more difficult to effect a perfect cure. 



SIDE-BONES. 




, §m 



Symptoms. The animal drags the 
leg, with the toe on the ground, and 
throws the leg out in attempting to 
move it. It is with great difficulty 
that he can raise his foot. 

Treatment. If the treatment is not 
put off too long a cure may reason- c ^ r £?j 
a ily be expected, if the following di- '^ V JL 

T'Ctions are followed. This disease ' ^^^/^.i^ 

being similar to a spavin in the hock- dragging the forward foot 
joint should have similar treatment. an indication OF shoulder 
If the part is very hot reduce the lamp;ness. 
temperature by cold cloths as recommended for shoulder lameness or per- 
haps hot fomentations may work well instead of the cold — then apply 
Kendall's Spavin Cure two or three times a day as directed for spavin. 
[f after one bottle of Spavin Cure has been used, the case does not im- 
prove as fast as is thought it should, use Kendall's Blister as recom- 
mended for ring-bone and follow it with the Spavin Cure as before. 
( See also treatment of spavin.) 

Give the horse a good bedding with dry sawdust or some soft bed foi 
his front feet to stand on, as he will be liable to stamp on the floot 
with his foot, and in this way you will avoid the concussion to the- 
shoulder. 

SIDE BONES. This is a species of ring-bone. The side cartilage? 
of the joint become ossified but do not extend around as in ring-bone 
The treatment should be the same as for ring-bone. 

SKIN DISEASES. There are many different varieties of skin dis- 
eases and yet many seem to be produced by the same causes but pre- 
sent different appearances in different horses. 
BALDNESS. This is produced by faulty digestion sometimes 
when small pimples appear in abundance 
and contain a fluid. In this form turn the. 
horse to grass or give soft feed. 

If caused by blisters, burns, &c, if the 
true akin has not been destroyed apply 
three or four times a week the following 
mixture. Glycerine, four ozs., tincture of 
cantharides, two ozs., mix. 

Some cases do well by using the follow- 
ing — iodine, one drachm, lard, two ozs. 
mix and rub down to the skin twice a 
week. 

MANGE, ITCH &C. These are contag 
ious diseases caused by an insect burrow 
ing in the skin. 




THE MANGE INSECT. 



50RE3. 



29 



\ <ty*/~*- 



Symptoms, The horse rubs himself against anything he can get at. 
Small pimples are seen about the head and neck and under the mane. 

The hair falls off and leaves the skin exposed with red colored points 
and fissures and the skin becomes dry and bald and accompanied with 
great itching. 

Treatment. Give the horse a good scrubbing with a coarse brush and 
then wash well with castile soap and soft water and dry carefully. As 
soon as the horse is thoroughly dried apply an ointment made as 

follows : sulphur, four ozs , 
lard, ten ozs., carbolic 
acid, £ oz. ; mix. 

This disease being con- 
tagious, persons should be 
careful to have everything 
|H'//i used about the horse thor- 
oughly cleansed and sub- 
jected to great heat by 
steaming or boiling, to de- 
stroy the insect which is 
the cause of the disease. 
It would be well to apply 
some of the ointment giv- 
en above to parts of the 
stall, rubbing-posts &c. 

SORES. Of the great 
variety of sores many are 
what might be termed healthy sores while others become unhealthy. 
The former are best treated with tincture of opium, two ozs., tannin 
one drachm ; mix and apply a small quantity two or three times a day. 
The unhealthy sore is best treated by cleansing the sore and applying 
Kendall's Spavin Cure twice a day. In some cases where there is 
proud flesh, cauterize the part with nitrate of silver or blue vitriol and, 
after a few hours, apply the Spavin Cure. 

The Spavin Cure has given entire satisfaction whenever used, to our 
knowledge, for healthy or unhealthy sores, on man or beast. It should 
be used by applying a small quantity directly into the sore after it has 
been cleansed. 

SPAVIN. ( For location see plate of skeleton.) In nearly all cases of 
lameness in the hind leg the seat of disease will be found to be in the 
hock joint, although many persons ( not having had experience ) locate 
the difficulty in the hip, simply because they cannot detect any swelling of 
the hock-joint, but in many of the worst cases there is not seen any swell- 
ing or enlargement for a long time and perhaps never. 
BONE SPA FIN is a growth of irregular bony matter from the bones of 




SYMPTOMS OF MANGE. 



30 



BONE SPAVIN. 




BONE SPAVIN. 



the joint, and situated on the inside, and in front of the 
joint. 

Cause. The causes of spavins are quite numerous 
but usually they are sprains, blows, hard work, and in 
fact, any cause exciting inflammation of this part of 
the joint. Hereditary predisposition in horses is a fre- 
quent cause. 

Symptoms. The symptoms vary in different cases. 

In some horses the lameness comes on very gradually, 

while in others, it comes on more rapidly. 

It is usually five to eight weeks before any enlargement appears. 

There is marked lameness when the horse starts out, but he usually 

gets over it after driving a short distance, and if allowed to stand for a 

while will start lame again. 

There is sometimes a reflected action, causing a little difference 
in the appearance over the hip joint, and if no enlargement has made 
its appearance a person not having had experience is very liable to 
be deceived in regard to the true location of the difficulty. The 
horse will stand on either leg in resting in the stable, but when he 
is resting the lame leg, he stands on the toe. 

If the joint becomes consolidated 
the horse will be stiff' in the leg 
but may not have much pain. 

Treatment. That we may not 
be misunderstood in regard to 
what we mean by a cure, we would 
say that we mean to stop the lame- 
ness, and in most cases to remove 
the bunch on such cases as are not 
past any reasonable hopes of a 
cure. 
But we do not mean to be un- 




Natural action. 
Leg brought for- 
ward. 



Effect of a bad Spar- derstood that in a case of anchy- 
in- Leg not brought losis ( stiff-joint ) we can again re- 
forward, store the joint to its original con- 
dition ; for this is an impossibility, owing to the union of the two bones 
making them as one. Neither do we mean that, in any ordinary case 
of bone spavin which has become completely ossified (that is the 
bunch become solid bone ) — that in such a case the enlargement will 
be removed. 

In any bony growths such as spavin or ring-bone it will be exceed- 
ingly difficult to determine just when there is a sufficient deposit of phos- 
phate of lime so that it is completely ossified ; for the reason that in some 
cases the lime is deposited faster than in others and therefore one case 



BONE SPAVIN. 31 

may be completely ossified in a few months while in another it wiL 
be as many years. 

It is the cases which are not completely ossified which we claim to 
remove. One of this class which we have seen removed was a large 
bone spavin of four or five years standing and we think that a large 
per cent, of cases are not fully ossified for several months or years. 

We are well aware that many good horse-men say that it is impossi- 
ble to cure spavins, and in fact this has been the experience of horse- 
men until the discovery of Kendall's Spavin Cure. It is now known 
that the treatment which we recommend here will cure nearly every 
case of bone spavin, which is not past any reasonable hopes of a cure, 
if the directions are followed, and the horse used properly. 

In using Kendall's Spavin Cure apply it two or three times a day 
until the lameness has all subsided and then gradually decrease the 
quantity used or only apply once or twice a day. 

If it is necessary to use the horse much, only apply at night. When 
the enlargement has been removed the medicine may be left off, and 
the horse should have several weeks' rest. Although some horses can 
be put at light work as soon as the cure is complete, yet we would re- 
commend that all be allowed to rest for several weeks when it can 
be done. 

Some have had an erroneous idea in thinking that by using a bottle of 
the Spavin Cure it made no difference about the time in which they 
were applying it, and therefore have used the whole of a bottle in 
two or three days and as they saw no perceptible change would discard 
the medicine before it had had time to take any effect — to such we 
would say, only a little will be absorbed and the remainder goes 
to waste; therefore apply it over just the size of the spavin and 
enough to wet it well for two or three times at each application and 
rub it well each time down to the skin with a small swab or the finger 
until it has been absorbed, and repeat this two or three times a day and 
continue using the medicine until the cure is complete, which takes 
usually from two to eight weeks, or longer, according to the age and con- 
dition of the spavin ; and much also depends upon how the horse is 
used. ** 

In some very bad and old cases, if the lameness does not subside after 
using one bottle of the Spavin Cure it would be well to apply Kendall's 
Blister as directed on box, and follow up with the Spavin Cure for two 
or three weeks, and repeat the Blister if necessary. This Blister is not, 
like some we have seen, so powerful as to destroy the skin and other 
tissues ; yet it is very well adapted, when used with the Spavin Cure 
to the treatment of old and bad cases which do not seem to yield witt 
the Spavin Cure alone. (We will send our Blister by mail to any ad- 
dress on receipt of price, $ 1.) 



32 



OCCULT SPAVIN. 



After a few clays use of the Spavin Cure a thick, firm scab is usually 
formed, and if pulled off will take the hair with it; yet it does not affect 
the growth of the hair. The better way is to apply soft soap to soften 
up the scab and in 2 or 3 hours wash well and when dry apply again, as 
before. (See testimonials and other information in another part of this 
book.) 

We give no other treatment, as our experience with various other 
remedies including blisters, liniments, &c, has been very unsatisfactory 
as has been the experience of horsemen all over the world; but Ken- 
dall's Spavin Cure, when properly used, has given entire satisfiaction. 
See "our experience with bone spavin" the back part of this book.) 

OCCULT SPAVIN. This is similar to bone spavin in its nature, the 
difference being that the location is within the joint, so that no enlarge- 
ment is seen, which makes it more difficult to come to a definite conclu- 
sion as to its location, and consequently the horse is many times 
blistered and tormented in nearly all parts of the leg but the right place. 

The causes and effects are the same as in bone spav- 
in and should be treated the same. 

These cases are often mistaken for hip disease, be- 
cause no enlargement can be seen. 

Bog Spavin. The location of this kind of spavin is 
more in front of the hock-joint than bone spavin, and 
is a soft and yet firm swelling. It does not generally 
cause lameness. 

Treatment. Use Kendall's Spavin Cure as directed 
for bone spavin, and, if the enlargement is not removed 
in two or four weeks, apply Kendall's Blister as direct- 
ed for bone spavin, and continue the Spavin Cure. 

Blood Spavin. This is similar to bog spavin but 
more extended, and generally involves the front, inside 
and outside of joint, giving it a rounded appearance. 
The swelling is soft and fluctuating. Young horses and 
colts are more liable to have this form of spavin than 
older horses, especially if driven or worked hard. 

Treatment. For this form of spavin (especially bad 
cases) we would recommend our Blister to be applied 
every two weeks for a few times and the Spavin Cure 
to be used between times of blistering as recommend- 
ed on box. Bub well, with the hand, often. 

SPLINT. This is a small bony enlargement, and gen- 
erally situated on the inside of the fore-leg, about 3 or 
4 inches below the knee joint, and occurs frequently 
in young horses when they are worked too hard. 

Treatment should be the same as for bone spavin, which see. 




A Splint near 
the knee. 

A low splint. 

A small bony 
growth on the 
front of the 
leg, also called 
Splint. 



SPRAIN. 33 

SPRAIN. By this is meant the sudden shifting of a joint farther 
than is natural, but not so as to produce dislocation. Every joint is lia- 
ble to sprain by the horse falling, slipping, or being over worked. These 
cases cause a great deal of trouble, many times producing lameness, 
pain, swelling, tenderness and an unusual amount of heat in the part. 

Treatment. Entire rest should be given the horse and if the part is 
found hot, as is usually the case, apply cold water cloths, changing fre- 
quently for from one to three days until the heat lias subsided, when ap- 
ply Kendall's Spavin Cure in small quantites twice or three times a day, 
rubbing well with the hand. 

If the fever is considerable, it might be well to give 15 drops of tinc- 
ture of aconite root, three times a day for one or two days, while the 
cold water cloths are being applied. Allow the horse a rest of a few weeks 
especially in bad cases, as it is very difficult to cure some of these cases, 
if the horse is not allowed to rest. 

STAGGERS. A disease of horses resulting from some lesion of the 
brain, which causes a loss of control of voluntary motion. Horses sub- 
ject to these attacks should not be over fed, as it generally occurs in fat 
horses which are well fed. The cause is an undue amount of blood flow- 
ing to the brain. 

Treatment. The treatment should be to. remove the cause. In or- 
dinary cases give half a pound of epsom salts, and repeat if necessary 
to have it physic, and be careful about over feeding. 

In mad staggers it would be well to bleed from the neck in addition to 
giving the epsom salts. 

STIFLE-JOINT LAMENESS. This is not of very common occur- 
rence, but occurs occasionally in colts kept on uneven ground which in- 
duces dislocation of the stiine, or patella, which slips off the rounded 
heads of the bones when the horse steps. 

It occurs in horses sometimes, which are kept on bad food and are 
constitutionally weak. 

Symptoms. The horse stops sud- 
denly and extends one of the hind legs 
backwards. The pastern is flexed 
and the head raised, as shown in 
the engraving, and a swelling upon 
the outer side with great pain. It 
sometimes occurs in colts, on the 
slightest cause. 

Treatment. Any flurry may restore 
the bone to its proper place in colts, but 
for cases which do not become replaced 

in colts or horses, get into a shed and patella, or whirlbone 
fix a rope to the pastern as shown in the displaced. 




34 



SWEENEY. 




engraving, and throw the other end over a beam and while one person 
pulls the leg upward and forward, another should stand by the quarters 
and push the dis- 
located patella in- 
ward with both 
hands. Feetl well 
and give the horse 
6 or 6 weeks' rest, or 
place the horse in a 
level pasture, and 
have him shod with 
a piece of iron pro- 
jecting from the toe, 
especially if the toe 
has been worn off. 
If the horse should 
be lame, apply Ken- 
dall's Spavin Cure the manner of replacing the fatella. 
over the stifle, as directed for spavin. 

SWEENEY. (Atrophy.) This is a wasting away of the muscles of 
the shoulder and said to be caused by some disease in the foot or leg. 

Treatment. Treat any disease found in the foot or leg as directed in 
other parts of this book. Apply to the shoulder soft soap with a little 
salt added, four or five times a week and rub well. 

THOROUGHPIN. An affection accompanying blood spavin, and 
generally caused by excessive labor. 

Symptoms. A round tumor going through the leg and appearing on 
the outside and in front of the joint of the hock. Thoronghpin is the 
same disease as blood spavin on a more extensive scale causing the en- 
largement to extend through the joint from one side to the other. 

Treatment. Same as for blood spavin which see. 

TUMORS are swellings or enlargements of any part of the body. 
Tumors vary according to their situation and nature. 

Treatment. The treatment varies with different horsemen. And, we 
would say that with many it might be best to have them cut out and 
yet there are many cases which can be removed by the use of Kendall's 
Spavin Cure applied as directed for spavin. We now have in mind a 
case of a bony tumor which had been sawed off by a surgeon and from 
some cause continued to grow; after it had again reached quite a large 
size the owner of the horse began to use Kendall's Spavin Cure, and 
after he had used one or two bottles, told us that the tumor was nearly 
removed and on examination we found it quite difficult to detect it. 

WATER FARCY is the result of weakness in the old, and of inflam- 
matory action in the young. By long continued labor, from twelve to 



WIND GALLS. 



35 




THE DRIVER'S FIRST VISIT ON 
MONDAY MORNING. 



eighteen hours each day, the horse already debilitated is by abuse made 
a fit subject for water farcy. 

It is the custom of some to 
feed largely on Saturday night 
and not to visit again until 
Monday morning, when they 
are liable to find the animal, so 
cruelly treated, with one swol- 
len leg. The horse holds the 
leg up as seen in the engraving 
and will generally be lame. 
The animal is in too much 
pain and is too tired to eat, but 
will be very thirsty on account 
of the agonies which his cruel 
treatment has brought upon 
him. When water farcy occurs let it be understood that it is because 
the horse has been worked too long and too hardly and that if the an- 
imal is not better cared for Farcy will be the result. 

Treatment. Let the work be lighter, the nourishment sufficient and 
of better quality, the stable kept clean and well ventilated. Lead the 
horse out two or three times a day for gentle exercise. As soon as the 
limb will bear friction let it be well rubbed with the hands and this re- 
peated often. Bathe with cold water and rub dry. If the lameness and 
swelling continue take two parts of alcohol and one of Kendall's Spavin 
Cure, mix, and bathe the leg with the mixture, and rub well. Then take 
iodide of potassium, one drachm, pulv. gentian, one drachm, pulv, gin- 
ger, one drachm, sulphate of iron, one drachm, linseed meal, two ozs. 

Make into a ball and give at one dose repeating every day for several 
days. 

Prepare the above balls as they are wanted each day as the iodide 
of potassium should be kept in a vial until it is wanted for use. Always 
begin the treatment as soon as possible. 

WIND GALLS. Soft swellings or enlargements just above the fetlock 
joints, which are caused by over-exertion or sprains. They are of a 
similar nature to blood spavin and may be treated the same; or place 
exactly on the wind galls pieces of cork covered with cloth large enough 
to press them down, and wet with the Spavin Cure, and keep the corks 
pressed on the galls by a rubber bandage to keep up the pressure, only 
removing when the horse is used and to wet the compress. 

Apply only a little of the Spavin Cure to the compress and be care- 
ful not to have it so tight as to cause strangulation of the leg but have 
it as tight as can be and not cause strangulation. 

WORMS. There are several kinds of worms which infest the horse 



36 



TAENIA. (TAPE WORM.) 




some of which produce a vast 
amount of mischief. 

TAENIA. (TAPE WORM.) 
These trouble the young most- 
ly and are usually caused by 
starving the mare when with 
foal, and breeding from old 
animals. The dam and sire 
The horse rubs his nose violently against a wall should be in perfect health if 
when there is irritation from worms. a valuable colt is desired. 

Gentle work is always better for the mare than to remain without work. 
Symptoms. When tape-worm is present there is checked development, 
large abdomen, large head, long legs, ravenous appetite, unhealthy 
coat, body thin, fetid breath. The colt picks and bites its own hair, 
rubs its nose against a wall, or strains it violently upwards. 

Treatment. Give spirits of turpentine. For a colt three months old 
give from one fourth to one half ounce ; six months old one half to one 
ounce ; one year, one to one and a half ounces ; two years, one and one 
half to two ounces; four years, three to four ounces. Also procure 
one pound of quassia chips and pour three quarts of boiling water on- 
to them — then mix a proportional dose of the quassia infusion with the 
turpentine and cause it to blend together by stirring well with yolks 
of eggs. Add twenty grains of powdered camphor gum and give the 
first thing in the morning. 

Feed well afterward and give every morning until the coat is glossy ; 
muriatod tincture of iron, from one to ten drachms, according to age, 
and also Fowler's Solution from one fourth to three drachms. 

Lumbrici. Long round worms which are sometimes seen eighteen 
inches long. They prey upon the weakly, whether old or young. 

Treatment. Give one drachm tartar emetic (worked into a ball with 
linseed meal and flour ) every morning until the desired effect is ac- 
complished Or give calomel, three drachms, tartar emetic, one drachm ; 
mix, and make into three balls to be given at night for three nights, and 
give, one day after the last ball, a good purging ball. 

Pin Worms. This variety of worms inhabits the rectum and causes 
great itching posteriorly which causes the horse to rub its hair off 
against the wall. 

Treatment. Most medicines are deprived of their activity as they do 
not reach the rectum ; therefore it is best to treat with injections which 
will come directly in contact with the parasites. Take one ounce 
catechu and a quart of water and when dissolved give as an injection 
and repeat for seven mornings. On the eighth day give a mash, at 
night follow with one half oz. aloes, and one drachm of calomel. Re- 
peat the above if necessary. Injections of tobacco smoke work well. 



YELLOW WATERS. 37 

YELLOW WATERS. This affection is the result of liver disease 
and has derived its name from the characteristic color of the mem- 
branes of the eyes, nose and mouth which have a peculiar yellowness 
that is caused by the liver's being diseased so that its natural functions 
are not properly performed and a large amount of bile is thrown back 
into the blood instead of being carried off* in its natural way and only 
eliminated partially through the kidneys. It occurs more often in the 
horses which are highly fed and have nothing to do, than in any others. 

Treatment. Give ginger, two drachms, powdered mandrake root, one 
drachm, powdered aloes, four drachms; mix, and give at one dose. 
Feed the horse with soft feed and grass to loosen the bowels. Repeat 
the above dose as often as shall be necessary, which, in most cases, per- 
haps, would be about every other day. 



Owing to the difficulty in getting sketches made which will correctly 
illustrate the various positions in which the horse places himself in 
different diseases we have copied several from Mayhew and others. 



88 



DOSES FOR THE HORSE. 



Doses for the Horse. 



Na3lb or Drug. 



Arsenic. 

Carbolic Acid. 

Tannic Acid. 

Alum. 

Aloes. 

Ether. 

Anise Seed. 

Tarter Emetic. 

Assafoetida. 

Bismuth. 

Camphor. 

Cantharides. 

Cayenne. 

Prepared Chalk. 

Blue Vitriol. 

Copperas. 

Digitalis leaf. 

Gentian Root. 

Calomel. 

Aqua Ammonia. 

Fowler's Solution 

Solution of Lime. 

Magnesia. 
Epsom Salts. 

Nux Vomica. 

Linseed Oil. 
Castor Oil. 
Croton Oil. 



Opium. 



Action and Use. 



Bicarbonate of 
Potash. 
Chlorate of 
Potash. ; 

Saltpetre. 

Iodide of \ 

Potassium. J 

Black Antimony, 

Quinine. 
Soda Bicarb. 
Glauber-Salts. 

Soda Sulphite. 

Sweet Spirits of 

nitre. 
Spirits of Chlo 

roform. 

Strychnia. 



\ Alterative and tonic, used for j 

| Paralysis, Mange, &c. ) 

Externally and Disinfectant. 
Astringent. 
Astringent. 
Laxative and Tonic. 
Anti-spasmodic. 
Aromatic and Stomachic. 4 
Sedative and Alterative. 
Anti-Spasmodic, Coughs, &C. 
For Chronic Diarrhoea, &c. 
A nti-Spasmodic. 
Diuretic and Stimulant. 
Stimulant and Carminative. 
Antacid. 

Astringent and Tonic. 
Tonic and Astringent. 
Sedative and Diuretic. 
Tonic. 
Cathartic. 
Stimulant and Antacid. 

{ Used for skin diseases. See Ar- 

( senic a preparation of. 
Antacid, used as an antidote to 

| poisoning by acids. 
For colts as an antacid and laxa- 

\ tive. 
Cathartic and febrifuge. 

( Nervous stimulant— used for Pa- 

( ralysis. 

Cathartic and Nutritive. 
Cathartic. 
Powerful purgative. 

{Anodyne and Anti-spasmodic. 
Given in Colic, Inflammation of 
Bowels, Diarrhoea, &c. 

{ Diuretic and Antacid. Good/or 

I Rheumatism. 

I Diuretic. Given for bloating, 

| &c. 

Diuretic & Febrifuge. 
Diuretic and Alterative. Used 
for Rheumatism, Dropsy, En- 
larged Glands, &c. 



Sulphur. 

Tincture of Ac- 
onite Root. 

Tincture of Can 
tharides. 

Tincture Ergot. 

Tincture Iron. 



Do.se. 



Antidote. 



Promotes the Secretions. 

Tonic, given during convalescence. 
Similar to Bicarb,- Potash. 
Cathartic. 
Antiseptic and Alterative, used 
for blood diseases. 

Diuretic and Diaphoretic. 

Anodyne and Anti-spasmodic. 

Tonic and Stimulant. Used for 
Paralysis. 

Alterative and Laxative. Used 
for Skin diseases and Rheuma- 
tism. 

| Sedative. Used for lung fever &c 

| Stimulant and Tonic. I 

Parturient. 

( Tonic and Astringent. Used for \ 
\ typhoid diseases. J 



i to 5 grs. 

•20 to 40 grs. 

2 to 3 drs. | 
1-2 to 1 oz. 
1-2 to 2 ozs. 
1-2 to 2 ozs. 
1-S to 1-2 dr. 
1 to 3 drs. 
1-2 to 1 oz. 
1-2 to 1 dr. 

3 to 6 grs. 
5 to 25 grs. 
1-2 to 1 oz. 
1-2 to 1 dr. 
]4 to IK drs 
10 to 20"grs. 
1 to 2 drs. 
10 to 40 grs. 
1 to 4 drs. 

1 to 4 drs. 

4 to 6 ozs. 

1-4 to 1 oz. 

2 to 8 ozs. 



15 to 25 grs 

1 to 2 pts. 
1-2 to 1 pt. 
lOtolod'p'; 



1-4 to 1 dr. 

3 to 5 drs. 

1 to 2 drs. 
1 to 3 drs. 
1-2 to 1 1-2 
drs. 

1-4 to K dr. 

15 to 50 grs. 
3 to 8 drs. 
6 to 12 ozs. 

1-2 to 1 oz. 
^tol^ozs 
1 to 2 ozs. 
1-2 to 1 gr. 

1-2 to 2 ozs. 

15to35d'p's 

1 to 2 ozs. 
1 to 2 ozs. 
1-2 to 1 oz. 



Magnesia and oil. 
Eggs; soap; gruel. 



Tannic Acid. 



Eggs, Milk &c. 

Stimulate. 

Eggs and milk. 
Vinegar. 

f Hydrated perox- 

1 ide of iron 



{Saleratus follwed 
quickly by cop. 
peras both dis- 
solved in water. 

Opium. 

{Belladonna, strong coffee, 
brandy & ammonia. Dash 
cold water on and keep 
the horse moving. 

(Vinegar and Lin- 
\ seed Oil. 



Linseed oil largely. 
( Give freely starch 
] or flour, with wa- 
( ter largely. 
] Inl'us'n of oak bark 
\ Give alsolins'd oil. 



Tobacco. 



f Give small doses of Xux 
^ vomica and stimulant! 
( largely and keep moving. 



DOSES FOR THE HORSE CONTINUED. 



89 



Tincture Iodine. 
Tr. Nux Vomica. 



Tincture Opium. 
Mercurial Oint 
ment. 

White Vitriol. 



Ginger. 



See Nux Vomica. 
See Opium, 
f Whit's of eggs with 
\ milk given freely. 



/Milk, 
1 flour. 



eggs and 



Used Externally. 

(Tonic Stimulant in Paralysis) 

( and dyspepsia. J 

Anodyne and Anti-spasmodic. 

(Used for Mange, itch, lice and) 

\ other parasites. J 

I Astringent. Used for cuts, 
) wounds and sores in solution. 

Tonic, Stimulant and Stomachic. 
Used for flatulent colic, dys- 
pepsia, &c. 

For a colt one month old, give one twenty-fourth of the full dose for an adult horse as 
given above; three months old, one-twelfth; six months old, one-sixth; one year old, 
one-third; two years old, one-half; three years old, three-fourths. 



2to4drs. 

1 to 2 0Z6. 



5 to 15 grs. 



2 to 5 drs. 



IN MEASURING LIQUIDS 



A table spoonful is equal to half an ounce by measure. 

A desert-spoonful is equal to one-fourth ounce or two drachms. 

A tea-spoonful is equal to one drachm. 

A tea-cup is estimated to contain about four fluid ounces or a gill. 

A wine glass about two fluid ounces. 
• The above named household implements vary in size and capacity so 
that usually it is difficut to measure with them accurately yet for nearly 
all medicines it will be near enough for all practical purposes, except- 
ing some tea-cups are now made to hold six or eight ounces, so that if 
the medicine to be measured is poison it is well to give smaller doses 
if the exact capacity is not known. It is best for those having much 
use for measures to procure a glass graduate which will measure 
drachms and ounces. 



40 



THE AGE OF THE HORSE. 



THE AGE OF THE HORSE, 

Determined by the appearance of the teeth. 




The safest way of determining the age of a horse is by the appearance of the teeth 
Which undergo certain changes in the course of years. Although it ma^ be impossible 
to give anv rules wlr n will be found to be exactly correct in every case yei the following 
classification is generally correct; but exceptions will occur, as for instance: a noble 
horse may be taken for younger than he really is, because of the strong structure of all 
the bones make the teeth also stronger than those of a horse of an inferior breed, of the 
same age. 

Eight to fourteen days after birth, the first middle nippers of the set of milk teeth are 
cut (Fig. 1) ; four to six weeks afterwards, the pair next to them (Fig. 2) ; and finally, 
after six or eight months, the last (Fig. 3). 

All these milk teeth have a well-defined body, neck, and slender fang, and on their 
front surfaces grooves or furrows, which disappear from the middle nippers at the end 
of one year; from the next pair in two years; and from the incisive teeth (cutters) in 
three vears. 

At the age of two, the nippers become loose and fall out; in their places appear two 
permanent teeth, with deep, black cavities, and full sharp edges (Fig. 4). 

At the age of three, the next pair (Fig. 5) fall out. 

At four years old, the corner teeth fall out (Fig. 6.) 

At five years old, the horse has his permanent set of teeth. 
« The teeih grow in length as the horse advances in years, but at the same time, his teeth 
are worn away, by use, about one-twelfth of an inch every year; so, that the black cav- 
ities of the center nippers below disappear in the sixth year (Fig. 7) ; those of the next 
pair in the seventh year (Fig. 8) ; and those of the corner teeth, in the eighth year (Fig. 
9). Also the outer corner teeth of upper and lower jaw just meet at eight years of age. 

At nine vears old, cups leave the two center nippers above, and each of the two upp* . 
corner teeth has a little sharp protrusion at the extreme outer corners, (Fig. 10.) 

At the age of ten the cups disappear from the ajoining teeth. 

At the age of eleven, the cups disappear from the corner teeth above, and are only ia 
dicated by brownish spots. 

The oval form becomes broader, and changes, from the twelfth to the sixteenth year, 
more and more into a triangular form, and the teeth lose, finally, with the twentieth year, 
all regularity. There is nothing remaining in the teeth that can, afterwards, clearly show 
the age of the horse, or justify the most experienced examiner in giving a positive 
opinion. 

The tushes or canine teeth, conical in shape, with a sharp point, and curved, are cut 
between the third and fourth year; their points become more and more rounded, until 
the ninth year, and after that, more and more dull in the course of years, and lose, final. 
ly, all regular shape. Mares have, frequently, no tusks, or oniy very faintly indicated. 



BREEDING. 41 



BREEDING. 



This very important subject is too often neglected. In breeding, a 
common mistake is often made, that mares are bred from after they 
become useless for work, regardless of hereditary diseases which may 
be transmitted to their offspring. It should be remembered that one 
of the characteristic laws of life is the reproduction in kind, — " like 
begets like." 

Both parents should be selected with reference to their individual 
points of excellence and also that the points of one are adapted to the 
points of the other, although both may be excellent individually the 
points which characterize one may actually counteract those of the oth- 
er; but if defects exist the breeder should be sure that it is merely ac- 
cidental and not natural. 

None but sound parents should be bred from ( accidents of course are not 
to be regarded as unsoundness). Both parents should be free from any in- 
firmity relative to a vicious temper, or bad disposition although the points 
of excellence in one may sometimes counteract the points in the other 
relative to that defect. Great care should be exercised that the 
same defect does not exist in both. 

Some knowledge of "the parentage of the sire and dam is therefore 
indispensable. 

For ordinary business purposes the best form of a mare to breed from 
is a short-legged beast, with a deep and roomy chest, wide hips, and 
so built in every way as to indicate a robust animal with a strong con- 
stitution. Always avoid, wheh possible, selecting a mare for breeding 
purposes which has ringbone, spavin or any disease which will render 
the offspring liable to be afflicted witli the same by hereditary descent. 

The " breed" should be taken into consideration also. If it is desired 
to raise a carriage beast select a mare with a good, animated counte- 
nance, sprightly, not too nervous nor too sluggish, but with a general 
muscular structure. The head of the brood-mare is a point which should 
be always regarded for a mare that has a large head, with a dull, stupid 
countenance, will not breed a good foal, unless it might be from a very 
sprightly, ambitious horse. The shoulder blade should be wide and 
long, extending nearly to the top of the withers, and so well covered 
with muscle as not to present any undue prominence. 

The neck should come out from the top of the withers and not low 
down; the fore-leg should be perpendicular so that the point of |he 



42 BREEDING. 

shoulder and the toe will be in a right line; the foot should be sound 
and of good, symmetrical shape. 

JThe hips should be long, oval and broad ; .the hock joint should be 
well formed and not of the " cow-hock" or " sickle-hock " kind. 

In selecting a stallion the rules which we have already given should 
be observed, remembering that compactness is quite essential, so that 
much goodness and strength are condensed into a small space. The 
shoulder should be well back, with the shoulder blade lying obliquely, 
but when it is desired to raise a slow, draught-horse a large stallion 
should be selected with upright shoulders. 

In summing up the whole matter we would say, If you would 
be successful in breeding do not breed into the same family and blood, 
but select a horse of different blood unless it should be eight or ten 
generations removed. 

Avoid using a horse which is defective in any particular, when the 
mare has the same defect, but select one as near perfect as possible in 
that point, Do not breed small mares with very large horses for there 
should be mutual adaptation in size and form as we have before stated. 



SHOEING. 43 



SHOEING. 



"With a poor hoof an otherwise valuable horse becomes almost 
worthless, so that the common saying, " nO foot, no horse," is prac- 
tically correct; for this reason, the subject of horse shoeing is one which 
should receive much attention, as it is by poor shoeing that so many 
horses are rendered almost valueless for life. 

For want of space we can only give some of the more important 
points which should be observed in shoeing, in order to preserve the 
hoof in a natural and healthy condition. 

The hoof in the natural state, is adapted only to a grassy surface ; so 
that when we wish to bring the horse in£o practical use upon our hard 
and stony roads, it becomes necessary to protect the hoof, by shoeing, 
from the unnatural wear and tear which it is subjected to. . 

It is greatly to be regretted that so large a share of the men who are 
permitted to do this very important work, of shoeing the horse, are so 
ignorant of the nature and structure of the foot and the principal rules 
which should guide them in doing this very important branch of 
work. 

It is a great fault of nearly all shoers that they cut and pare with the 
idea of improving the foot, when their aim should be mainly to let 
nature have its course as much as possible or, in other words, to im- 
itate the natural condition of the foot and only pare away such parts 
as have become useless. The shoe should always be fitted to the foot 
and not the foot to the shoe as is too often practised. That part of the 
hoof which should not have pressure, is the portion between the bar 
and quarter, commonly known as the seat of corns. (Fo*r location, see 
engraving on 9th page.) 

The greatest pressure should be around the outside of the foot for a- 
bout half an inch. 

The frog should be allowed to come to the ground, which will pre- 
vent, to a certain extent, the concussion which would otherwise take 
place. The frog should not be cut down, as is frequently practised, nor 
should it be touched when healthy, except to keep it clean. 

In paring the foot, be very careful not to cut down the outside, so as 
to allow the entire weight to rest on the inside of the shoe upon the sole ; 
but only cut away the dead portion of horn on the sole, and cut down 
the wall from heel to toe until the bearing is natural, leaving it even 
and as near its natural state as possible. A red hot shoe should not be 
allowed to be burned into the foot to fit it. 



44 SHOEING. 

The shoe to be selected should depend upon the condition of the foot 
and the condition of the roads, &c. The flat shoe, when properly ap- 
plied, leaves the foot nearest its natural shape, by allowing the horse a 
good, even foundation to stand upon, and is most likely to give satisfac- 
tion for all ordinary purposes. At some seasons of the year it will be 
necessary to have calks upon the shoes, but ordinarily the foot should 
be allowed to come as near the ground as possible- 

What we mean by the flat shoe, is one flat upon its superior surface 
that comes in direct contact with the hoof, the under surface being par- 
tially concave, so as to assist the horse in grasping the ground, to pre- 
vent slipping and to assist in progressing. 

The shoe should be as big a3 the foot so as not to require any cutting 
down the hoof to make it fit the shoe, and the heels of the shoe should 
not be permitted to project backwards beyond the heel of the hoof more 
than about J of an inch. 

The outward margin of the shoe should just correspond with the 
shape of the foot, except at the heel, where the shoe should be a little 
wider from quarter to heel, especially on the outside. 

Many persons are not aware of the thinness of the hoof, which makes 
it quite necessary that the nail holes should be near the edge, and quite 
well forward in the toe, so as to avoid driving the nails into the quick, 
which would cause serious lameness and injury. 

Do not rasp under the nail clinches, nor over them ; and do not use 
the rasp at all on the outside of the hoof, not even below the clinches, 
except just enough near the shoe to round the edge, and do not cut down 
the hoof if you have used a shoe which is too small. 

A nail for a horse's foot differs materially from every other kind of a 
nail, not only in shape, but in quality of iron from which it is made; 
hence it is important that it should be made from the very best of iron, 
free from flaws, seams, and liability to sliver, and all sulphurous gases 
in process of manufacture. It is presumed that every shoer knows that 
a nail Forged Hot from the end of a rod needs no arguments to convince 
anyone that a better nail is thus obtained than by punching, rolling and 
shearing them from a cold plate. The numerous and well-authenticated 
cases where valuable horses have been ruined by using cold rolled nails, 
is enough to deter any first-class shoer from driving anything but a Hot 
Forged nail, even if their cost was double that of the cold rolled nail, as 
no shoer can take the risk of injuring his customer's horse. 

Use only the very best of nails; drive as small and few nails as will 
hold the shoe firmly and securely to its place. See that the nails fill the 
holes and the heads the crease, leaving little, if any, to project beyond 
the ground surface when finished, thus preventing the clinch from rais- 
ing when brought in contact with stones, and save the injuring of the 
»,nkle. 



MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. 45 



MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS, 



For Colic. 
(Set treatment of Colic.) 
No. 1. Take of laudanum, 1 ounce, spirits of turpentine, \\ 
ounces, mix, and give to one dose in three times the amount ol 
warm water. 

No. 2. Sulphuric ether, 1J ounces, laudanum, 1 ounce, essence 
peppermint, 2 ounces, water, 16 ounces, mix, and shake well be- 
fore giving. 

For Heaves. 

(See treatment of Heaves.) 

No. 1. One teaspoonful of lobelia, given in the feed once a day, 
for a week, and then once or twice a week w r ill stop them for a 
time. 

No. 2. Balsam copaiba, 1 oz., spts. of turpentine, 2 oz., bal- 
sam fir, 1 oz., cider vinegar, 16 oz., mix, and give a tablespoonful 
once a day. 

No. 3. Saltpetre, 1 ounce, indigo, J ounce, rain water, four 
pints, mix, and give a pint twice a day 

No. 4. Liquorice, elecampane, wild turnip, fenugreek, skunk- 
cabbage, lobelia, cayenne, and ginger equal parts of each, mix, and 
give a tablespoonful once or twice a day ; if the horse refuses to 
eat it in feed, make into a ball and give. 

Contracted Hoof or Sore Feet. 

No. 1. Take equal parts of soft fat, yellow wax, linseed oil, 
Venice turpentine, and Norway tar ; first melt the wax, then add the 
others, mixing thoroughly. Apply to the edge of the hair once a 
day. 



46 MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. 

No. 2. Benzine, 1 ounce, salts of nitre, 1 ounce, alcohol, 3 
ounces, aqua ammonia, 2 ounces, Venice turpentine, 8 ounces. Mix, 
apply to the edge of the hair, and all over the hoof once a day, for 
ten days, then twice a week for a short time. 

No. 3. Rosin, 4 ounces, lard, 8 ounces ; heat them over a slow 
fire, then take off and add, po. verdigris, 1 ounce, stir well to pre- 
vent it running over; when partly cool, add spirits turpentine, 2 
ounces. Apply to the hoof about one inch down from the hair. 

Horse Liniments. 

No. 1. Oil spike, oil origanum, oil hemlock, oil wormwood, 
aqua ammonia, camphor gum, of each 2 ounces, olive oil, 4 
ounces, alcohol, one quart. Mix. This is an excellent liniment 
for man or beast. 

No. 2. Oil origanum, oil amber, sweet oil, of each one ounce, 
oil spike, aqua ammonia, and oil of turpentine of each, two ounces. 
Mix. 

No. 3. Linseed oil, 8 ounces, turpentine, 8 ounces, oil origa- 
num, 4 ounces. Mix well. This is excellent for sprains and 
bruises, and as a general liniment is good. 

No. 4. Oil spike, 1 ounce, oil origanum, 2 ounces, alcohol, 16 
ounces. Good for lameness from almost any cause. 

No. 5. Take equal parts, alcohol, chloroform, aqua ammonia, 
Jamacia rum and water. Mix. 

For Scratches and Grease Heel. 

No. 1. Balsam fir, 4 ounces, lard, 4 ounces. Stir with a gen- 
tle heat until thoroughly mixed. Wash the sores well with castile 
soap, and apply. 

No. 2. Sugar of lead, 2 oz., borax, 1 oz., sweet oil, 6 oz., 
mix, and apply twice daily after washing with castile soap, and 
drying. 

No. 3. Tincture of myrrh, 2 oz., glycerine, 4 oz., tincture of ar- 
nica, 2 oz. Mix thoroughly and apply two or three times a day, 
after cleansing as above with castile soap. 

No. 4. Take ^ oz., of powdered verdigris, and one pint rum, or 
proof spirits. Mix, and apply once or twice a day. This works 
nicely for grease heel or mud fever. 



MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. 47 

No. 5. Take of oxide of zinc, 1 drachm, lard, 1 ounce, pow- 
dered gum benzoin, ten grains, camphorated spirits, one drachm. 
Mix thoroughly and rub on twice a week. Do not wash after the 
first application. 

Cuts, Wounds and Sores. 

No. 1. Take of lard 4 ounces, beeswax, 4 ounces, rosin, 2 
ounces, carbolic acid, J ounces. Mix the three first and melt, then 
add the carbolic acid, stirring until cool. This is excellent* for 
man, as well as beast. 

No. 2. Tincture aloes, 1 ounce, tincture myrrh, J ounce, tinct- 
ure opium, J ounce, water, four ounces, mix, and apply night and 
morning. 

No. 3. Tincture opium, 2 ozs., tannin, J oz. Mix. 

No. 4. Carbolic acid, 1 oz., soft water, 1 quart. Mix. 

Sweeney. 

No. 1. Spanish flies, camphor gum, and cayenne of each, 1 oz. 
alcohol, 10 ozs., spts. turpentine, 6 ozs., oil origanum, 2 ozs. Mix. 

No. 2. Alcohol, 16 ozs., spirits turpentine, 10 ozs., muriate of 
ammonia, 1 oz. Mix. 

No. 3. Alcohol, water, spirits of turpentine and soft soap, of 
'each, 1 pint, salt, 6 ozs. Mix. 

Poll evil and Fistula. 

No. 1. Copperas, 1 drachm, blue vitriol, 2 drachms, com- 
mon salt, 2 drachms, white vitriol, 1 drachm, mix, and pow- 
der fine. Fill a goose-quill with the powder, and push it to the 
bottom of the pipe, having a stick in the top of the quill, so that 
you can push the powder out of the quill, leaving it at the bottom 
of the pipe ; repeat again in about four days, and in two or three 
da}^s from that time you can take hold of the pipe and remove it, 
without trouble. 

No. 2. Tincture of opium 1 drachm, potash, 2 drachms, water, 
1 ounce, mix, and when dissolved inject into the pipes with a 
small syringe, having cleansed the sore with soap-suds ; repeat 
every two days until the pipes are completely destroyed. 

No. 3. Take a small piece of lunar caustic, place in the pipe, 



48 MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. 

after being cleansed with soap suds, then fill the hole with sweet 
oil. 

Bots. 

Take new milk', 2 quarts, syrup, 1 quart, mix and give the whole 
and in fifteen or twenty minutes after, give 2 quarts of warm, 
strong sage tea, half an hour after the tea, give 1 quart of Unseed 
oil, or if the oil cannot be had give lard instead. 

Ointment for Horses. 

•Bees-wax, 2 ounces, rosin, 3 ounces, lard, 4 ounces, carbolic ac- 
id, 1 drachm, honey, J ounce, melt all together and bring slowly 
to a boil, then remove from the fire, and add slowly, 1 gill of spirits 
of turpentine, stirring all the time until cool ; used with good suc- 
cess for galls, cracked heels, flesh wounds or bruises. 

Condition Powders. 

No. 1. Gentian, fenugreek, sulphur, saltpetre, cream of tartar, 
of each 2 ounces, rosin, black antimony, of each 1 ounce, ginger, 
liquorice, 3 ounces, each, cayenne, 1 oz., pulverized and mixed 
thoroughly ; dose, 1 tablespoonful, once or twice a day, mixed with 
the feed ; used with good success for coughs, colds, distemper, hide- 
bound, and nearly all diseases for which Condition Powders are 
given. 

No. 2, Fenugreek, 4 ozs., ginger, 6 ozs., anise, pulverized, 4 
ozs., gentian, 2 ozs., black antimony, 2 ozs., hard wood ashes, 4 
ozs. ; mix all together ; excellent to give a horse an appetite. 

No. 3. Liquorice, 4 ozs., fenugreek, 4 ozs., elecampane, 4 ozs., 
blood root, 1 oz., tartar emetic, J oz., ginger and cayenne, each, 
1 oz., mix, and give a tablespoonful 2 or 3 times a day in the feed. 
One of the best condition powders for any cough, cold, distemper 
or epizootic : also excellent for heaves. For heaves, 1 oz. of lobelia 
and camphor may be added. 

Liniments for Horses. 

No. 1. Olive oil, 2 ozs., aqua ammonia, 1 oz., mix, and add 2 
ozs. oil origanum, 2 ozs. spirits of turpentine, J oz. oil of worm- 
wood, 1 pint strongest alcohol ; mix. This liniment is excellent for 



MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. 49 

tfny lameness, also good for spavins, ringbones, curbs, etc., if used 
When the} 1 " make the first appearance. 

No. 2. Oil of spike, 1 oz., oil of origanum, 4 ozs., aqua ammo- 
nia, 2 ozs., tincture of cayenne pepper, 4 ozs., beefs gall, one gill, 
camphor gum, 1 oz., alcohol, 1 pint ; mix : used for the same pur- 
poses as No. 1. 

No. 3. Best vinegar, 1 qt., saltpetre, pulverized, 4 ozs. worm- 
wood, 4 ozs. ; mix, and steep in a dish well covered : strain and press 
the herbs : valuable for bruises, swellings and sprains. 

Saddle and Harness Galls, Bruises, &c. 

No. 1. Tincture of opium, 2 ozs., tannin, 2 drachms ; mix, and 
apply twice a day. 

No. 2. Take white lead and linseed oil, and mix as for paint, 
and apply two or three times a day ; this is good for scratches, 
or any wounds on a horse. 

Eyewater for Horses. 

Sugar of lead, 1 drachm, tincture of opium, 2 drachius, soft wa- 
ter, 1 pint ; mix, and wash the eye two or three times a day. 

Founder. 

No. 1. Vinegar, 3 pints, cayenne pepper, J drachm, tincture of 
aconite root, 15 drops, mix, and boil down to 1 quart ; when cool, 
give as a drench ; blanket the horse well ; after the horse has per- 
spired for an hour or more, give one quart of linseed oil : this treat- 
ment will be found good for horses foundered by eating too much 
grain. 

No. 2. Some recommend for horses foundered on grain, to bleed 
about 1 gallon, then to drench the horse with linseed oil, 1 quart ; 
after this, rub the fore legs well, and for a long time with very 
warm water, with a little tincture of opium mixed with it. As the 
horse will not recover from loss of blood for a long time, it is usu- 
ally better to adopt the treatment given in No. 1. 

Anodyne Drenches. 
No. 1. Tincture of opium, 1 ounce, starch gruel, 1 quart: mix. 
No. 2. Sweet spirits of nitre, 1 oz., tincture of opium, 1 oz., 
essence of peppermint, £ oz., water, 1 pint; mix. 



50 MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. 

No. 3. Tinctnre of opium, 1 oz., spirits of camphor, J ounce 
anise, J ounce, sulphuric ether, 1 oz., water, 1 pint ; mix. 

Diabetes. 

Sugar of lead, 10 grains, alum, 30 grains, catechu, 1 dr., tinct- 
ure of opium, J ounce, water, 1 pint ; mix. 

Farcy and Glanders. 

No. 1. Iodide of potassium, 1J drachms, copperas, J drachm, 
ginger, 1 drachm, gentian, 2 di'achms., powdered gum arable and 
syrup to form a ball. 

No. 2. Calomel, J drachm, turpentine, £ ounce, blue vitriol, 1 
drachm, gum arabic and syrup, to form a ball. 

No. 3. \ ounce sulphite of soda, 5 grains Spanish flies, pow 
dered ; mix ; and give at night in cut feed for several weeks ; give 
at the same time every morning and noon, 3 drachms powdered 
gentian, 2 drachms powdered blue vitriol ; give the medicines for a 
long time ; feed well. This is the best treatment that can be given 
for this disease. 

Fever Balls. 

No. 1. Saltpetre, 2 J dracmns, tartar emetic, J drachm, flaxseed 
meal, 1 oz., camphor, \ drachni, ginger, 2 drachms ; mix, and form 
into a ball ; repeat three or four times a clay if necessary. 

No. 2. Tincture of aconite, ten drops, tartar emetic, \ drachm, 
saltpetre, 1 drachm, ginger, 2 drachms, linseed meal, 1 ounce ; mix, 
and form into a ball ; repeat three or four times a day if necessary. 

Diuretic and Tonic Ball. 

Copperas, 1 J drachm, ginger, 1 drachm, gentian, 1 drachm, salt- 
petre, 3 drachms, rosin, J oz., flaxseed meal, 1 oz ; mix, and form 
into a ball. 

Diuretic Balls. 

No. 1. Saltpetre, 3 draclnns, rosin, 4 drachms, castile soap, 2 
drachms, fenugreek, 3 drachms, flaxseed meal, 1 ounce ; mix, and 
form into a ball. 

No. 2. Oil of juniper, J drachm, rosin and saltpetre each, 2 



MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. 51 

Cordial Balls. 

drachms, camphor, J drachm, castile soap, 1 oz., flaxseed meal, 1 
oz ; mix, and form into a ball. 

No. 1. Anise, powdered, £ ounce, ginger, 1 drachm, gentian? 
1 drachm, fenugreek, 2 drachms ; mix. 

No. 2. Caraway and ginger, each, 2 drachms, anise, gentian 
and fenugreek, each, 1 oz ; mix. 

No. 3. Camphor, 1 drachm, anise, 3 drachms, tincture of opi- 
um, 1 oz., powdered extract of liquorice, 3 drachms, flaxseed meal, 
1 ounce ; mix. 

Astringent and Cordial. 

No. 1. Opium, 12 grains, camphor, £ drachm, catechu, 1 dr. ; 
mix. 

No. 2. Opium, 10 grains, camphor, 1 drachm, ginger, 2 drs., 
castile soap, 2 drachms, anise, 3 drs., liquorice, 2 drachms ; mix. 

Alterative and Laxative Balls. 

No. 1. Linseed meal, 1 ounce, aloes, \ ounce, castile soap, J 
ounce ; mix. 

No. 2. Ginger, 1 drachni, bar soap, 3 drachms, Barbadoes aloes 
pulverized, 6 drachms, flaxseed meal 1 ounce. 

Tonic Ball. 

Ginger, 2 drachms, gentian, 1 drachni, Peruvian bark, £ ounce, 
fenugreek, \ oz. ; mix, and form a ball. 

Diuretics. 
Take of balsam copaiba, 2 ozs., sweet spirits of nitre, 3 ounces, 
spirits of turpentine, 2 ozs., oil of juniper, 2 ozs., tincture of cam- 
phor, 2 ozs. ; mix ; shake the bottle before pouring the medicine ; 
dose for an adult horse, two tablespoonfuls in a pint of milk, re- 
peated every four to six hours if necessary. This is a reliable 
preparation for kidney difficulties. 

Cough Mixtures. 

No. 1. Oil of tar, given as directed for the treatment of heaves, 
is one of the best remedies for nearly all coughs. 



52 MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. 

No. 2. Take of alcohol, £ pint, balsam of fir, 2 ounces ; mix 
well, and add all the tar it> will cut. Shake well before using. 
Dose from one to two teaspoonfuls two or three times a day. 

Farcy. 

Nitrate of potash, 4 ozs., black antimony, 2 ozs., sulphite of soda, 

1 oz., elecampane, 2 ozs. ; mix, dose, one tablespoonful once or 
twice a day. 

Nasal Gleet. 

Copperas, 2 ozs. pulverized gentian, 3 ozs. elecampane, 1 
oz. linseed meal, 3 ozs.; mix, and give from J to 1 tablespoon- 
full twice a day. 

No. 2 — Aloes 6 ozs., pulverized mix vomica, 3 drachms, flax- 
seed meal, 4 ozs., make into eight powders and give one or two 
each day. 

Cracked Heels. 

Tar, 8 ozs., beeswax, 1 oz., rosin, 1 oz., alum, 1 oz., tallow, 1 oz., 
sulphate of iron, 1 oz., carbolic, acid 1 drachm ; mix, and boil over 
a slow fire. Skim off the filth, and add 2 ozs. of the scrapings of 
sweet elder. 

Thrush. 

No. 1. Wash the feet well, with castile soap and water, and 
sprinkle a small quantity of pulverized blue vitriol in the cleft and 
then fill up all the cavities with cotton and press it in so as to keep 
out all dirt and repeat as often as necessary until the cure is 
complete. 

No. 2. Blue vitriol and copperas, of each one ounce, burnt alum, 

2 ozs., white vitriol, J oz. ; mix. 

Water Farcy. 

No. 1. Saltpetre, 2 ozs., copperas, 2 ozs., ginger, 1 oz., fenu- 
greek, 2 ozs., anise, J oz., gentian, 1 oz. ; mix and divide into eight 
powders ; give two or three each day. 

No. 2. Gentian, 1 oz., ginger, J oz., anise, 1 oz., elecampane, 2 
ozs., blue vitriol, 1 oz., flaxseed meal, 2 ozs., saltpetre, 2 ozs., mix, 



MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. 53 

and divide into eight powders. Moderate daily exercise and 

rubbing the limbs are useful. 

Healing Preparations. 

No. 1. Carbolic acid, 1 oz., soft water, 2 pts. ; mix. 

No. 2. White vitriol, 1 oz., soft water, 2 pts. ; mix. 

No. 3. Pulverized camphor, 1 drachm, prepared chalk, 6 drachms, 
burnt alum, 4 drachms ; mix. Sprinkle over the sore. 

No. 4. Tincture of opium, 1 oz., tannin, 1 drachm ; mix and 
shake well before using. Excellent for galls of collar, saddle, or 
in fact for any purpose requiring a healing astringent. 

For Galled Back or Shoulders. 

Tincture of arnica, 1 oz., vinegar, 6 ozs., brandy, 4 ozs., sal am- 
moniac, 2 ozs., soft water, 1 pt. ; mix, and bathe with it often. 

For Unhealthy Ulcers. 

Nitric acid, 1 oz., blue vitriol, 3 ozs., soft water, fifteen ozs. 

For Fresh Wounds. 

Copperas, 2 drachms, white vitriol, 3 drachms, gunpowder, 2 
drachms, boiling soft water, 2 qrts. ; mix ; when cool it is ready 
for use. 

Healing Mixture. 

Cosmoline, 5 ozs., carbolic acid, 1 drachm ; mix. This is one of 
the very best of mixtures for any sore, especially such cases as are 
inclined not to heal readily. 

To Cure Mange. 

Oil Tar, 1 oz., lac sulphur, 1J ozs., whale oil, 2 ozs. ; mix. Pub 
a little on the skin wherever the disease appears, and continue 
daily for a week and then wash off with castile soap and warm 
water. 

Healing Mixture for Cuts. 

Balsam copaiba, 2 ozs., tincture of myrrh, 3 ozs. ; mix. This is 
a good healing mixture. 



54 MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. 

Sore Lips. 

The lips become sore frequently at the angles of the mouth, from 
bruising with the bit. They can be cured by applying the follow- 
ing mixture. 

Tincture of myrrh, 2 ozs., tincture of aloes, 1 oz. and tincture 
of opium, J oz., mix and apply three or four times a day. 

For Sore Mouth and Lips. 

Borax, 1 oz., Tannin, J oz., Glycerine, 8 ozs., mix, and apply 
two or three times a day with a swab. 

For Spavins, &c. 

Hog's lard and spirits of turpentine ; mix, and place in the hot 
sunshine for four or five days. Apply four or five times a week. 

Eyewater. 

White vitriol and saltpetre, of each one scruple, pure soft water, 
8 ozs. ; mix. This should be applied to the inflamed lids 3 or 4 
times a day and if the inflammation does not lessen in 1 or 2 days 
it may be injected directly into the eye. 

The writer has used this for his own eyes, reduced half with 
water and dropped directly into the eye, which would cause the eye 
to smart considerably for about five minutes when he would bathe 
the eye with cold water for a few minutes and by repeating this 
3 or 4 times a day it has given the very best of satisfaction. 

It does nicely many times to just close the eye and bathe the 
outside freely. 

For Poll Evil, Fistula, or any Indolent Ulcer. 

Fill the sore to the bottom with ashes from burnt corn cobs ; re- 
peat two or three times if necessary until a cure is effected. 

For Colic. 

Take of gum nryrrh, 1 oz., gum camphor, 1 oz., powdered gum 
guaiac, 1 oz., cayenne, 1 oz., sassafras bark powdered, 1 oz., spirits 
turpentine, 1 oz., oil origanum, ^ oz., oil hemlock, J oz., pulverized 
opium, J- oz., strongest alcohol, 2 qrts ; mix all together and 
shake often for eight or ten days and filter or strain through flan- 



MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. '55 

nel. Dose from 1 to 3 tablespoonfuls, according to the severity 
of the case, given in a pint of milk. 

We never have known the above remedy to fail of giving relief 
when given for colic, in horses. In many cases where it has been 
used it has given immediate relief when various other remedies had 
failed of giving any relief. 

It makes one of the very best of Pain Killers for family use 
and we advise all to keep it on hand. 

For Flesh Wounds. 

To prevent inflammation or tendency to sloughing or mortifica- 
tion. Take 1 pound saltpetre, 2 gallons water, 3 pints proof spir- 
its : mix, and inject into the wound with a syringe three times a day 
until it heals. In treating deep wounds or of a dangerous char- 
acter, especially if the animal is inclined to be fat, give a dose of 
physic, feed bran, carrots, &c. No grain should be fed, grass is 
more desirable than hay. If grass is fed freely, physic is not 
necessary. 

For Removing Enlargements &c. 

Oil spike, 1 oz., camphor, 1 oz., oil origanum, 2 ozs., oil amber, 
1 oz., spirits turpentine, 2 ozs. Rub on the mixture thoroughly 
two or three times a week. 

For Bruises, Cuts &c, on Horse or Man. 

Tincture arnica, 1 oz., sassafras oil, J oz., laudanum, 1 oz. ; 
mix. Shake well before using. Bandage lightly, and keep wet 
with the mixture. 

Quarter Crack. 

The best way to cure quarter crack is to open the heel on that 
side between bar and frog, cutting down pretty well, (not sufficient 
to cause bleeding,) until the quarter will give freely ; then put on a 
shoe that will expand the heel. It is only necessary in this case 
that the inner heel should be opened or spread as the hoof is sim- 
pl} T too small for the foot ; if this is properly done the point is di- 
rectly reached. Some recommend, in addition to this, burning with 
a hot iron a crease across at the upper edge of hoof. If this is 



56 MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. 

done properly the hoof will not split any more. The hoof may 
now be more rapidly grown if desired. Opening the foot and the 
shoe is the point of success. 

Quittor. 

Corrosive sublimate, J oz., muriatic acid 20 drops, soft water, 
2 ozs. ; mix the two last and shake well, then add the first. 
, Inject a little with a glass syringe one or two times, being care- 
ful to inject to the bottom. Warm poultices generally work well, 
used for several days. 

Bots. 

All horses which run out to grass are quite sure to have bots in 
their stomachs, and as there is so much misconception about bots 
and their destructiveness to horses, we copy the result of a series 
of experiments with bots three fourths grown. 

When immersed in rum, they live, 25 hours ; decoction of tobac- 
co, 11 hours; strong oil of vitriol, 2 hours 18 minutes; essential 
oil of mint, 2 hours 5 minutes. Were immersed without apparent 
injury, in spirits of camphor, 10 hours ; fish oil, 49 hours ; tincture 
aloes, 10 hours ; in brine, 10 hours ; solution indigo, 10 hours. A 
number of small bots, with one that was full grown, were immersed 
in a strong solution of corrosive sublimate, one of the most power- 
ful poisons ; the small ones died in one hour, but the full grown 
one was taken out of the solution, six hours after its immersion, ap- 
parently unhurt. 

It will be seen by the above experiments, that no medicine can 
be given which will effect the bot, that will not destroy the coating 
of the stomach, and injure or kill the horse. No veterinary sur- 
geon can tell the symptoms of bots from colic. In fact there is but 
little doubt, that ninety nine out of every one hundred cases of 
belly ache, is no more nor less than colic and not bots, and should 
be treated as we have already directed in the treatment of colic. 

To Grow Hair. 

Mix sweet oil, 1 pint, sulphur, 3 ozs. Shake well, and rub well 
into the dock twice a week. 



MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPT8. 57 

For Worms. 

Calomel, 1 drachm, tartar emetic, J drachm, linseed meal, 1 oz., 
fenugreek, 1 oz. Mix and give in feed at night, and repeat the dose 
for two or three times and follow with 1J pints of Unseed oil about 
6 hours after the last powder has been given. 

{ Grease Heel. 

Chloride of zinc, 1J drachm, water, 10 ounces, glycerine, 8 ozs. , 
mix. If there is much discharge, apply a poultice for several hours 
followed by application of the above after cleansing well with soft 
water and castile soap. The following powders should be given at 
the same time in the feed, every night for a week or two. Bicar- 
bonate of soda, 1 ounce, arsenic, 1 drachm, iodide of iron, J ounce, 
fenugreek, 2 ounces, ginger, 2 ounces, elecampane, 1 ounce, mix 
thoroughly and divide into 12 powders. 

Tor Distemper. 

Hops, 2 ounces, carbolic acid 30 drops, boiling water, 2 gallons. 
Mix the hops and carbolic acid with the boiling water and compel 
the animal to inhale the steam for 15 or 20 minutes at a time and 
repeat three times a day. Apply a strong mustard paste to the 
throat, and place a warm poultice over the paste. Feed warm 
mashes and boiled vegetables ; keep stable comfortably warm and 
the air pure. Give the following powders once a day. Take pow- 
dered Peruvian bark, 2 ounces, powdered gentian, 1 ounce, pow- 
dered copperas, 1 ounce, mix and divide into 8 powders. 

Thrush. 

Take white vitriol, 2 ounces, soft water 8 ounces. Mix, and ap- 
ply to the diseased surface, after the ragged parts have been cut 
away and thoroughly cleansed. Pack the cavities with cotton bat- 
ting, so as to keep out all dirt. 

For Ringworm. 

Apply mercurial ointment 3 or 4 times a week. 



58 MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS. 

For Brittle and Contracted Hoofs. 

Take of castor oil, Barbadoes tar and soft soap, equal parts of 
each, melt all together and stir while cooling, and apply a little to the 
hoof 3 or 4 times a week. 



TO HORSE OWNERS, 




All must admit that we live in an age of improvements ; and 
that we enjoy what our forefathers never even dreamed of in the 
fast and easy transportation, rapid communication from continent 
to continent, and the use of the hundreds of labor saving machines ; 
and yet before or even when these great discoveries were first made 
known to the public how many there were (like Thomas) who 
doubted : but " time will prove all things," and so it has been with 
all these inventions which were once said to be impossibilities, for 
now we know them to be of the great value which their originators 
claimed them to be. 

In the year 1875 it was claimed by the publisher of this book, 
that he had discovered a combination of remedies which would cure 
bone spavins and remove the enlargement without blistering 01 
causing any sore. Like all other discoveries this too was scouted 
at when first announced to the public, and, as might naturally be ex- 
pected, by those who knew most about the usual manner of treating 
this difficulty, and by those who had tried faithfully ever}i:hing they 
could learn of ever being used, but only meeting with disappoint- 
ment with each trial' of the vaunted remedy. This class (being 
horsemen) knew that a bone spavin made an otherwise valuable 
horse of but little worth, for they knew how frequently the most pow- 
erful remedies had been used, such as blisters, which were so pow- 
erful as to destroy the tissues, and also the red hot iron, which was 



60 TO HORSE OWNERS. 

worse if possible, and still the horse left as bad or ivorse than before 
anything had been used — therefore after so many disappointments 
of this kind it would be very natural for men having such an expe- 
rience to say it was impossible to cure a spavin and remove the 
bunch, and to do it with a remedy so mild as not to blister. But, 
as we said before, time will prove all things, and so it has been with 
Kendall's Spavin Cure, and those who were the first to condemn it 
are now the loudest in its praise ; (I mean those who were horse- 
men, and who knew that if a cure was to be accomplished there was 
something needed more than to simply make a few hasty and per- 
haps faulty applications, and therefore would use the Spavin Cure 
with patience, according to directions.) 

The time was, in the practice of medicine, when about every pa- 
tient was subjected to the rash treatment of bleeding and salivation 
from the indiscriminate use of calomel, but time has proved these 
plans of treatment to be more fruitful of damage than otherwise, so 
they have become among the things of the past. A similar reform 
is now taking placein the treatment of the horse, the most useful an- 
imal ever created ; and horsemen are beginning to learn that a horse 
needs more humane treatment than he has receivea in the past, 
and that the cases are very rare which require the powerful reme- 
dies that have been in use ; and I think we can safely say that 
those cases never occur which require the use of the red hot iron, 
and the men are very few that would allow this barbarous treat- 
ment to be practised upon their own person, and we ask why any 
man should allow the noble animal to be subjected to any treatment 
that he would not submit to upon his own person? Could the horse, 
like Balaam's animal, be for a moment endowed with the power of 
speech, he would say — do not subject me to any treatment which 
you consider too cruel for yourself; for we, like you, have been 
created with nerves of sensibility, so that pain is as hard for us to 
endure as for you, and therefore we ask that you will always have 
mercy upon us (as a merciful man mould do) and consider before 
treating us (or neglecting to do so, whether it is doing just as you 
would be done by. 

It might be of interest to some for us to state here how Ken- 
dall's Spavin Cure happened to be discovered. 



to horse owners. 61 

Our Experience with Bone Spavin. 

The proprietor having a horse which he prized, for her goodness 
and gentleness, and which in some way became spavined, was 
under the necessity of resorting to the popular remedies in use at 
that time, for the treatment of the spavin ; after a few week's treat- 
ment the outlook seemed to be rather discouraging ; but as we had 
had experience as a practising physician, and also the benefits of 
all the receipts which were said to be cures — having been in the 
drug business for several years, and illled the receipts from the va- 
rious horsemen in our vicinity — we felt that our experience had 
been such that we were certainly equal to the task, if any one was, 
and so we continued, first with this liniment, and then with the 
other, until we had gone through with the whole catalogue of the 
(so called) " sure cures." We took counsel of the various horse- 
men who were quite sure their receipt would be just the thing, but 
when informed that all this and more too had been used, we received 
but little consolation. As the horse was no better, and several 
weeks had elapsed since we began the treatment, our faith in the 
power of any remedy to even stop the lameness (say nothing of re- 
moving the enlargment) was very weak ; but still we were finally 
persuaded that a thorough use of blisters might cure and it was our 
only hope, and we therefore proceeded to torment the poor animal, 
by applying blisters about every two weeks and giving the horse 
rest until six blisters had been applied, during which time the horse 
was allowed to remain (nearly all summer) in the barn, and as the 
horse was no better, that we could perceive, it will be easy for any 
one to imagine our feelings in regard to the power of any remedy to 
cure a bone spavin, and then we, like many others were very posi- 
tive in our opinion that there was nothing which would cure a bone 
spavin, and finally stopped all treatment. 

About six weeks after we had stopped all treatment, we decided 
to give the case another trial, for it seemed to us that there was 
something that would effect a cure if we could only get the right 
thing. Instead of using the remedies which everybody said were 
sure cures, we began to reason about the matter, and it occurred to 
us that if we had been treating a human being we should have 
treated him in a more humane manner, and therefore we compounded 



62 TO HORSE OWNERS. 

a mixture which was entirely different from an}^thing we had ever 
heard of being used, and again began to treat the horse, and, to our 
great surprise, in a short time (about two weeks), the lameness all 
subsided ; and by continuing the treatment a while after the lame- 
ness had subsided the enlargment was entirely removed. I could 
hardly realize what a wonderful cure had finally been accomplished, 
but after preparing the same mixture for a great many cases with- 
out hearing of its failing to cure in a single case, I was then fully 
satisfied of the great worth of this remedy to horse owners, and be- 
gan to put it up for the public ; and since that time the cures which 
it has effected have been almost innumerable, and now those who 
are most capable of judging of its merits pronounce it to be the 
best remedy for the purposes for which it is prepared that they 
have ever known to be used. 

We therefore offer the Kendall's Spavin Cure to the public with 
perfect confidence, believing that in nearly if not every case in which 
a man might reasonably expect a cure, if he uses the Spavin 
Cure thoroughly and patiently, according to the directions, he will 
effect a cure. By the words " thoroughly and patiently" used above 
we mean, to use as directed on bottle, by rubbing down to the skin 
well, as what remains on the hair has no effect, and by applying over 
the size of the whole of the enlargement ; but there is no good rea- 
son for applying all over the leg because one desires to be thorough 
and cover the whole of the bunch, for what is applied to the space 
outside of the enlargement is only wasted — but we frequently find 
parties who apply it almost indiscriminately to the whole of the 
hock joint, when the space the size of a cent, perhaps, would be all 
that was necessary, and therefore the bottle of Spavin Cure is used, 
or rather wasted, in a very few days and the man finds his horse 
no better, and drops the use of the Cure, and perhaps condemns it, 
when he has not given it the slightest fair chance to effect a cure ; 
By the word "patiently" we would be understood to mean, to apply 
it according to directions, for a longtime, if necessary, for no difficulty 
of so serious a nature as Spavin is, can be removed by any remedy 
in only a few days ; and if any man would stop to consider, he might 
know that it would be hnpossible. We might occupy many pages 
in relating our experience and in giving full directions for the use of 



TO HORSE OWNERS. 63 

Kendall's Spavin Cure, but will not add more here except to say use 
good common sense in applying if, and in the use of the horse. 

Please look over the following testimonials, many of which are 
from the most prominent gentlemen and horse owners in the coun- 
try. Also see treatment given for bone spavin &c. 



What some of our Agents say of it. 



Office of C. M. Moseman & Bro., Manufacturers of and Dealers in Harness, Horse 

Clothing, &c. 

126 Chambers St., New York Oity, Jan. 22d, 1878. 

Dr. B. J. Kendall— Dear Sir : — We take great pleasure in stating to you that the sale 
of your Spavin Cure has been without exception, the most satisfactory of any horse 
liniment we have ever kept in our stock. We have sold it to many of the best horse men 
in our city and they all tell us freely that it does the work to their entire satisfaction. 
Capt. Rynders, owner of "Aberdeen," told us to-day it was worth $5. per bottle and if 
it could not be got for less he would give it. Trusting that every horse owner will find 
out its good qualities, we are Yours Truly, 

C. M. MOSEMAN & BliO. 



Office of Peter Hayden & Co., Nos. 45 & 47 Lake St. Chicago, III., Mar. 16th, 1878. 

Dr. B. J. Kendall— Dear Sir :— As to your "Spavin Cure" we will most freely say 
that in our sales of same, we have ever found that it brings back the good words of the 
user, and we have letters on file, too many to re- write, that speak in the highest terms of 
your " Spavin Cure." We have no fear in always recommending it, with our experience 
ft^id belief of its virtues. Respectfully, 

P. HAYDEN & Co. 

P. Hayden, Wm. B. Hayden, C H. Allen, Albert Hayden. 



Office of A. V. Smith & Co., Manufrs and Dealers in fine Harness, Carriages &c., 

65 and 67 State St., Rocilestek, N. Y., Jan. 30th, 1878. 
Dr. B. J. Kendall— Dear Sir :— It is with pleasure that we state to you that the re- 
ports from the sales we have made of your Spavin Cure, both to the trade and to prom- 
inent horsemen, has been the most satisfactory of any remedy we ever sold or heard of, 
as they all tell us freely that it works to their entire satisfaction, and in nearly every 
case they come back for more, and in no instance have we heard anything but favorable 
reports. Respectfully Yours, 

A. V. SMITH & CO. 



Milwaukee, Wis., Jan. 23, 1878. 
Dr. B. J. Kendall, Enosburg Falls, Vt.— Dear Sir :— I have now been selling your 
Spavin Cure" for about one year. I have not used it myself as I have not had any oc- 
casion, but the many who have bought and used it have— so far as I have heard from 
tli em— uniformly expressed satisfaction, several assuring me it is, if used according to 
the directions, " by far the best article they have ever used on horses," and have repeat- 
ed their orders for it. Yours Respectfully. 

GEO. DYER. 
Wholesale Saddlery Dealer. 



TESTIMONIALS. 



65 



Pw 



The following Letters are from prominent horsemen and nearly, If not all of them 
large owners. 

Boston, Mass., Jan. 30th, 1873. 
Messrs. French & Coffin— Gents :— We have 
used " Kendall's Spavin Cure" successfully 
in two instances, one of them being a valua- 
ble trotting mare. The cure in both case3 
'was complete. It is the only effective reme- 
dy we have known for the purpose, and we 
take pleasure in adding our testimonial to 
its virtues. 

Tours Truly, 
CILLEY, STIMPSON & WOODBURY. 




Office U. S. Marshall, Western Dist. oFMichigan, Kalamazoo, April 15th, 1878. 
B. J. Kendall, Enosburg Falls, Vt.— Dear Sir:— I received the two bottles of your 
Spavin Cure forwarded by express in January last. I am happy to state that it per- 
formed all your advertisement called for. In three weeks after I commenced using it, 
the Spavin was entirely removed and a valuable horse restored to usefulness. 

Very truly yours, 

JOHN PARKER. 



Alexander, N. Y., Jan. 23d, 1878. 

J. S. Lttle & Son, Buffalo, N. Y.— Gents :— Have you a stock of " Kendall's Spavin 
Cure" on hand ? I shall be in Buffalo the first of next week, and shall want half a dozen 
bottles. I have used it for one year with the best of luck. It is a sure cure for Spavins 
and Ring-bones if used according to directions. I have got it for several of my neigh- 
bors and they think there is nothing like it. I have several orders for it now, and 
thought I would write you so you would be sure and have it on hand when I go to Buf- 
falo. I am Yours &c, 

C. W. VANDE BOGART, 
Breeder of Blooded Horses and dealer in Horses and Trotters, Alexander, Genesee 

County N. Y. 



Maple Grove Farm, Eddyyille, N. Y., Aug. 23d, 1877. 

B. J. Kendall, M. D.— Dear Sir :— I have been using Kendall's Spavin Cure" on a val- 
uable stallion that I own. He kicked through a door and got his foot hung, taking 
out a piece of skin 1 1-2 by 3 inches, which left a fearful wound and I thought he was 
ruined for life. After a long time I got it healed, leaving a bunch or callous as large as a 
large ring-bone. I have used one and one half bottles of Kendall's Spavin Cure and the 
bunch is nearly all gone. I can not say too much for the Spavin Cure, for it has done 
for me what I supposed was out of the power of man to do in removing the bunch. 

I am a breeder of Ayrshire cattle, Leicester sheep, Berkshire hogs, and Pereheron 
horses, and unless I am extraordinarily lucky will want to use more or less of the Spav- 
in Cure every week. Send me one half doz. bottles by express. Yours Truly, 

S. N. DELAP. 



66 TESTIMONIALS. 

Stock Farm, Waddington, N. T., Feb. 7th, 1878. 
B. J. Kendall— Sir :— I would say that I consider your Spavin Cure a truly beneficial 
article for the removal of spavin and any other enlargement on all animals as well aa 
horses. Yours &c, 

WALTER RUTHERFORD. 



The following letter was written to our agent in Louisville, Ky., by the owner of the 
stage route from Lebanon, Ky., to Campbellsville, who is well known throughout the 
state. 



Campbellsville, Ky., Jan. 30th, 1878. 
J. W. Morrill & Co., Louisville, Ky.— Gents :— The Kendall's Spavin Cure" sent me 
some time ago has proved invaluable in all cases for which I used it; sprains, sore back 
galled shoulders, windgails and scratches. Fortunately I did not have any stock at the 
time with spavin. You can use my name if you wish. Yours Respectfully, 

GEORGE BORDERS. 



Buffalo, N. Y., Feb. 9th, 1878. 
This is to certify that I have used Kendall's Spavin Cure for a splint, and am happy to 
testify that it has fully cured it. Yours Respectfully, 

WILLIAM SHARP, 
Supt. of Thornton and Chester's Stable. 



Buffalo, N. Y., Feb. 13th, 1878. 
I can fully testify that •• Kendall's Spavin Cure" will take the soreness from any spav- 
in, and will guarantee it will cure a curb to my own satisfaction. 

ARTHUR TUTTLEBEE, 
Veteran horseman, 71, Edward St. 



Providence, R. I., Feb. 18th, 1878. 
Dr. B. J. Kendall— Dear Sir :— I take pleasure in stating to you that I have used 
your " Spavin Cure" with perfect success on one of my horses, which had contracted a 
bad spavin. By applying your Spavin Cure faitlifully, I effected a complete cure and 
I can recommend it to any one wishing a cure for such complaints. 

Truly Yours, GEO. H. PAGE. 



Woodstock Valley, Conn., Feb. 16th, 1878. 
Dr. B. J. Kendall — Dear Sir :— It gives me pleasure to add my testimonial to your 
very valuable medicine, viz., "Kendall's Spavin Cure" I cured a spavin on my horse by 
using one half bottle, and, in my sales among my customers, it has invariably proved 
just what it is recommended to be. I shall want another box of it soon. 

Very Truly Yours, 

A. M. BANCROFT, P. M. 



Fair Haven, Vt., Feb. 18th, 1878. 
B. J. Kendall— Dear Sir :— Your M Spavin Cure" is all it is represented to be, and so 
ffcr has given good satisfaction for botli man and beast 

T. E. WAKEFIELD, M. D. 



TESTIMONIALS. 67 

Meredith Village, N. H. Feb. 17th, 1878. 
Dr. Kendall— Dear Sir :— The horse tnat I used your Spavin Cure on had a splint as 
Jarge as a hen's egg and it had been there about a year, and kept growing larger. I used 
one bottle of your Spavin Cure on it which took it nearly all off. I then used a half bot- 
tle more and it took it entirely off so that the leg was as smooth as the other. It was 
worth $ 100 to me and I therefore feel very grateful to you. Please send me one half doz. 
of your Spavin Cure, " C O. D." Yours with respect, 

JOHN C. TOWLE. 



Haverhill, Mass., Feb. 13th, 1878. 
Mr. Kendall— Dear Sir :— I have for the past twenty years used various kinds of 
spavin cures and experienced many different results. I was induced to try your " Ken- 
dall's Spavin Cure" and will say I have never before found a cure operating so mildly 
and yet so thoroughly. The animal that I used it on had what I considered an incura- 
ble spavin, but the horse is now entirely cured of his lameness and the bunch is nearly 
removed, from using only two bottles. Respectfully Yours, 

FRANK FOOT. 



Lawrence, Mass., Feb. 27th, 1878. 
B. J. Kendall — Dear Sir: your "Spavin Cure" has entirely cured my horse of a very 
bad bone spavin. Yours Truly, G. B. HANCHETT. 



Dunham, P. Q., March 10th, 1878. 
Dr. B. J. Kendall— Dear Sir .-—About a year ago I fell in the road on to some ice 
and was badly hurt in the hip joint which caused me much suffering. I tried various 
remedies but none gave relief until I tried your Spavin Cure. I applied it full strength 
twice a day for about two weeks during last October, and it effected a perfect cure. I 
have since then been well and free from lameness. It is very valuable for man as well 
»s for beast Yours Truly, 

CHESTER K. GREEN. 



Chtlesbtjrgh, Ky., Feb. 20th, 1878. 
Dr. B. J. Kendall— Dear Sir :— I have tried your Spavin Cure on a chronic case of 
bone spavin which has been treated by two of the best horse doctors in the land. The 
case was fired twice and I can safely say that your Spavin Cure did more good than 
anytliing which I ever tried. I believe it to be a good remedy for a great many difiicul 
ties, ring-bone and bone spavin. I am sure it will cure if taken in time. It is also good 
for scratches, grease heel &c. Yours Respectfully, 

T. B. MUIR. 



Glover, Vt., Feb. 13th, 1878. 
Dr. B- J. Kendall— Dear Sir :— I used 1 bottle of your Spavin Cure on a horse of ours 
and removed a spavin entirely ; and one of my neighbors had a colt with a bad ring- 
bone, and by his using two bottles of your Spavin Cure, he pored it entirely. It has 
given good satisfaction here. Yours Truly, 

A. H. HALL. 



68 



TESTIMONIALS. 



Patten's Mill's, Washington Co., N. T., Feb. 21st, 1878. 
B. J. Kendall, M. D.— Dear Sir :— The particular case on which I used your " Spavin 
Cure" was a malignant ancle sprain of sixteen months standing. I had tried many 
things but in vain. Your " Spavin Cure" put the foot to the ground again, and for the 
first time since hurt, in a natural position. For a family liniment it excels anything we 
ever used. Yours Truly. 

M. P. BELL. 
Pastor M. E. Church, Patten's Mills, N. Y. 



Hyde Park, Vt., Nov. 8th, 1877. 
B. J. Kendall, M. D.— Dear Sir— I am no great friend to patent medicines but do not 
hesitate to speak a good word for your spavin cure. Two years ago I bought a valuable 
three year old colt in Canada, but before reaching home discovered that he was lame 
from a curb. The curb continued to enlarge and would at times render the colt so lame 
that he could not be driven, and hobbled very badly. I was induced to try your spavin 
cure and with one bottle and a half took away the enlargement and from that day to the 
present time he has not been lame. For curb therefore I do not hesitate to recommend 
people to try " Kendall's Spavin Cure." Yours Truly, 

O. S. BASFORD. 
Editor of The Lamoille News. 



Lowell, Mass., May 25, 1878. 
B. J. Rendall :— Dear Sir :— send us as usual three (3) dozen Kendall's Spavin Cure. 
We received your enquiry for references, and have delayed answering from time to 
time, in hopes of getting one from a man who used 10 bottles and completely cured a spav- 
in of six years growth on a horse that after the cure trotted better than 40 and sold for 
$ 450.00. When he commenced to use the Cure the horse was dead lame and would not 
sell for $ 10.00. We did not know the man's name and have not been able to find him 
since your letter. 

Yours Respectfully, 

CROWELL & HARRISON, 
Apothecaries, Lowell, Mass. 



WHAT IS GOOD FOR MAN IS GOOD FOR BEAST. 69 



What is good for man is good for beast, and yice versa. 




It has -ong been our opinion that what was good 
for man was also good for beast, but for all this it 
was a long time before we even thought of using 
"Kendall's Spavin Cure" for man, yet we knew that 
it contained nothing which would contra-indicate 
its use. The first we knew of its being used on 
man was when we were informed by a man that a 
short time before, his son cut his knee badly and 
as he had nothing else in the house which he could use, and had used 
the Spavin Cure for various purposes with excellent success, he con- 
cluded to pour a little directly into the wound and did so, and he in- 
formed me that he never saw anything work so nicely; this gave him 
so much confidence in it, that he used it for headache by bathing the 
forehead and temples with it, which he said worked " like a charm." 
Since hearing the above report we have used it and known of its being 
used with most gratifying results, until now we feel confident that no 
medicine is used with better results on human flesh for any bruise, lame- 
ness, sprain, rheumatism or for any purpose for which an external rem- 
edy is used. In using it for any difficulty of long standing, it should 
be applied for a long time, as long standing difficulties cannot be re- 
moved in a short time. It can be applied with a feather, small swab or 
with the hand, and by applying two or three times a day for several 
days, it will usually cause the skin to be some sore on man, and we 
recommend that for all long standing difficulties it be applied after 
it becomes some sore just the same as before, until the disease is re- 
moved. Only a little is necessary at each application. 



70 AGENTS. 

Agents for Kendall's Spavin Cure, 



We give below a few of the agents, most of whom sell at wholesale and 
retail. It is also sold by nearly all of the wholesale druggists, and by 
a large share of the retail dealers in medicine; but if your dealer has it 
not in his stock and will not get it for you send direct to B. J. Kendall, 
Enosburgh Falls, Vt., and we will send, on receipt of price ($1. per 
bottle or six for $5.) to any address and we usually put in with every 
sample order of this kind a present worth about what the express will 
be, as near as we can calculate. 

SOME OF OUR AGENTS. 

Smith, Bourn & Co., Hartford, Conn. 

O. G. Beckwith, New London, Conn. 

P. Hayden & Co., 45 Lake St., Chicago, 111. 

Van Schaack, Stevenson & Co., 92 Lake St., Chicago, 111. 

Wm. W. Marnion, Bloomington, 111. 

Geo. K. Share & Co., 40 South Meridian St., Indianapolis, Ind. 

Browning & Sloan, 9 East Washington St., Indianapolis, Ind. 

Haight, Sears & Co., Davenport, Iowa. 

J. W. Morrill & Co., 315 Main St., Louisville, Ky. 

John W, Perkins & Co., Portland, Maine. 

W. F. Phillips & Co., Portland, Maine. 

Charles Sager, Portland, Maine. 

French & Coffin, 100 Federal St., Boston, Mass. 

Geo. C. Goodwin & Co., 38 Hanover St., Boston, Mass. 

Geo. N. Newhall, 30 Exchange St., Worcester, Mass. 

Crowell & Harrison, 139 Central St., Lowell, Mass. 

J. T. Webber & Co., Springfield, Mass. 

Charles Clarke, 179 Essex St., Lawrence, Mass. 

Robt. Lawson & Co., 277 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, Md. 

P. Hayden, 104 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, Mich. 

Farrand, Williams & Co., 15 Earned St., Detroit, Mich. 

Noyes Bros. & Cutler, 32 Robert St., Saint Paul, Minn. 

Schmidt & Miller, 31 Robert St., Saint Paul, Minn. 

Hayden s & Allen, 512 North Main St., St. Louis, Mo. 

Meyer Bros. & Co., 10 N. Second St., St. Louis, Mo. 

C. F. Goodman, Omaha, Nebraska. 

Edwin Branch, Manchester, N. EL 

Underbill & Kittredge, Concord, N. H. 

C. B. Smith & Co., 40 Warren St., New York City. 



AGENTS. 71 

W. H. Schieffelin & Co., 170 William St., New York City. 

C. M. Moseman & Bro., 128 Chambers St., New York City. 

Woodward & Hill, 324 Broadway, Albany, N. Y. 

C. W. Snow & Co., Syracuse, N. Y. 

J. S. Lytle & Son, 20 Exchange St., Buffalo, N. Y. 

Gerity & Morrill, 126 Lake Street, Elmira, N. Y.' 

George Windherm, 9 Broad St., Utica, N. Y. 

Strong, Cobb & Co., Ill Superior St., Cleveland, O. 

James W. Meek, 43 East Spring St., Columbus, O. 

Braun & Bruck, Columbus, O. 

J. J. Bantlin, 146 Main St., Cincinnati, O. 

C. B. Day & Co., 38 N. Third St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Geo. W. Fritz, 410 Lackawanna Ave., Scranton, Pa. 

Harris & Ewing, Pittsburg, Pa. 

Wm. B. Blanding, Nos. 54 to 58 Weybosset St., Providence, R. I. 

E. Allen & Co., 3 & 5 Pulton St., Providence, R. I. 

Wm. Blanchard, Woonsocket, R. I. 

Wells, Richardson & Co., Burlington, Vt. 

(J.corge Dyer, 375 East Water St., Milwaukee, Wis. 

Davis & Dibblee, Fredericton, New Brunswick. 

S. Crawford & Co., 131 Main St., Galena, 111. 

Berry, Demoville & Co., No. 1 Public SquarcvNaskville, Tenu. 

I. L. Lyons, 42 Camp St., New Orleans, La. 

R. Macready & Co., 60 Walnut St., Cincinnati.. O. 

H. G. Wagner, Fort Wayne, Ind. 

Meyer Bros. & Co., Fort Wayne, Ind. 

R. A. Robinson & Co., 196 Main St., Louisville, Ky. 

W. H. Torbert, Dubuque, Iowa. 

Johnston, Holloway & Co., 602 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

French, Richards & Co., N. W. Cor. 10th and Market Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Cushing & Co., South Bend, Ind. 

Hunt, Rankin & Lamar, Atlanta, Ga. 

West & Truax, Toledo, Ohio. 

McCulloch, McCord & Co., La Cross, Wis. 

Thomsen & Muth, 16 German St., Baltimore, MfM 

Mo Kesson & Robbins, New York City. 

Dohmen, Schmitt & Co., Milwaukee, Wis. 

Campbell & McKelvy, 292 Liberty St., Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Dr. F. S. Slosson, 223 Superior St., Cleveland, O. 

Jacob K. Post & Co., Rochester, N. Y. 

IMPORTANT TO MERCHANTS AND HORSEMEN. 
We would like a good agent to sell " Kendall's Spavin Cure," and this book, in every 
town in the United States. Apply to B. J. Kendall, M. D., Enosburgh Falls, Vt., for 

We hope that none but reliable and responsible persons will make applications for the 
a^encv, and to all such we would say that we will print circulars far our agents with 
their card printed on them and send free by mail to any person who buys the Spavin 
Cure either of us or of any of our wholesale agents to sell again, if they will only write 
to us giving name and place written plain that we may know number wanted &c. 

We recommend all to send their orders to the nearest wholesale agent. 

In sending orders direct to us it is best usually to send P. O. money order or check for 
the amouutVanted with full shipping directions, and the order will receive prompt at- 
tention and by so doing vou will save time and expense. To all who would investigate 
to know if we are responsible for any money which might be sent as we would refer to 
the following well known firms. Wells, Richardson & Co., Burlington, Vt. Geo. C. 
Goodwin & Co., Boston, Mass., and Charles Pfizer & Co., New York City, or to any of 
the clergymen or officers in this town. 



72 REFERENCES. 



REFERENCES. 



Rev. O. S. Basford, Pastor M. E. Church, Hydepark, Vt. [N. Y. 

Rev. M. P. Bell, Pastor M. E. Church, Patten's Mills, Washington Co 

Cilley, Stimpson & Woodbury, Livery, Boston, Mass. 

Charles A. Currier, Special Agent for the Massachusetts Society for 
the prevention of cruelty to Animals, Boston, Mass. 

Joseph Baker, Agent for the same Society, East Boston, Mass. 

H. W. Petus, Foreman Metropolitan Horse Car Stable, Boston Neck, 
Mass. 

French & Coffin, 100 Federal St., Boston, Mass, 

Thomas Langlan, Boston, Mass. 

A. M. Sawyer, Agent for the Portland Society for the prevention of 
cruelty to animals, Portland, Maine. 

Charles Sager, Livery, Portland, Me. 

N. E. Wight, 

George Borders, Campbell sville, Ky., proprietor of stage route from 
Lebanon to Campbellsville, Ky. 

C. W. Vande Bogart, Breeder of Blooded Horses and dealer in horses 
and trotters, Alexander, Genesee Co., N. Y. 

Sumner Howard, (Late Attorney General for the U. S. at Salt Lake 
City,) Flint, Mich. 

John Parker, (U. S. Marshall, Western Dist. of Mich.) Kalamazoo, 
Mich. 

H. H. Littell, (Supt. Louisville City Railway Co.) Louisville, Ky. 

C. M. Moseman & Brother, 128 Chambers St., N. Y. City. 

P. Hayden & Co., 45 Lake St., Chicago 111. 

Thomas O'Connor, Chief Engineer Fire Department New Orleans La 

C. E. Mosher, Driver and trainer, Lawrence, Mass. 

John W. Porter & Co., Livery & Sale Stable, Lawrence, Mass. 

C. A. Chandler, freight agent at Eastern R. R., Lawrence, Mass. 

Hanehett & Carter, (Livery) Chicago, 111. 

Wisconsin Leather Co., Milwaukee, Wis. 

B. J. Demarest, Trainer for O. J. Schoolcraft, Richmond, Va. 
J. C. Talcott, New York City. 

F. Harry Hamilton, No. 132 West 31st Street, New York City. 

E. Allen & Co., No. 5 Fulton St., Providence R. I. 

Geo. H. Page, Livery, Providence, R. I. 

J. S. Lytle & Son, 20 Exchange St., Buffalo, N. Y. 

William Sharp, Supt. of Thornton & Chester's Stable, Buffalo, N. Y 



REFERENCES. 73 

Arthur Tutt'iebee, 71 Edward St., Buffalo, N. Y. 
C. B. Day & Co., 38 N. Third St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
Woodward & Hill, 324 Broadway, Albany, N. Y. 
George Dyer, 375 East Water St., Milwaukee, Wis. 
J. T. Webber, Springfield, Mass. 
R. W. Nichols, Plattsburg, N. Y. 
W. H. Smith, & Bro., Hillsdale, Mich. 

E. R. Towle, Agricultural Editor St. Albans Messenger, West 
Berkshire, Vt. 
Frank Foote, Haverhill, Mass. 
A. M. Bancroft, Woodstock Valley, Conn. 
John C. Towle, Meredith Village, N. H. 
Dr. Thos. E. Wakefield, Fair Haven, Vt. 
A. H. Hall, Glover, Vt. 

Walter Rutherford, Stock Farm, Waddington, N. Y. 
Robt: Wood, Charlestown, Ind. 
E. A. Laduke, Burlington, Vt. 
Fred J. Graves, East Barnard, Vt. 

A. Stevens, Bridport, Vt. 

C. P. Blake, Epping, N. H. 
Edwin Branch, Manchester, N. H. 
H. N. White, Pan ton, Vt. 

D. W. Nash, New Haven, Vt. 
Albert C. Clark, Henniker, N. H. 

P. M. Good, Amwell, Wayne Co., Ohio. 

W. A. Craig, Westfield, Mass. 

C. Bailey, Fort Covington, N. Y. 

Francis M. Smith, Harwich Center, Mass. 

Edwin Richardson, Dixon, Iowa. 

Underbill & Kittredge, Concord, N. II. 

R. Mc Kay, Livery Keeper, Dunkirk, N. Y. 

Joseph Tyler, Dunkirk, N. Y. 

Charles A. Rolfe, Princeton, Washington Co., Maine. 

James W. Meek, No. 43 East Spring St., Columbus, Ohio. 

B. D. Bramer, Syracuse, N. Y. 
J. II. Childs, 

II. R. Reese, Onondaga Valley, N. Y. 

O. G. Beckwith, New London, Conn. 

R. L. Lovell, (Livery), Springfield, Vt. 

J. W. Morrill & Co., 315 Main St., Louisville, Ky. 



A FEW OF THE 

MEDICINES USED FOR THE HORSE. 




We once heard it remarked by an eminent professor 
of Materia Medica that if he was compelled to combat 
with disease with either Opium alone, or all of the re- 
maining drugs in use without the opium, he would choose 
the opium alone. 

Another professor has said "Give me mercury, iodine, quinine 
and the lancet, and I will combat with disease." While I do not 
altogether endorse the views of either of these distinguished pro- 
fessors, either in the number or selection of medicines they would 
choose first in preference to all others, I would sa} r , give me as my 
first choice, aconite and iron in connection with the opium and a 
few others and I should feel that I was fitted out with the most im- 
portant drugs, for the successful treatment of the diseases of the 
horse. 

We will give something of a history of the more important drugs 
used for the treatment of the diseases of the horse, with their effects 
and uses. 

Acids. These nearly all have a sour taste, and are derived from 
the vegetable, mineral and animal kingdoms. The number of ac- 
ids used in medicines is small ; among the most important of these 
are acetic acid, muriatic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, tannic 
acid, gallic acid, carbolic acid, arsenious acid, phosphoric acid, tar- 
taric acid. 

Acetic Acid. When diluted with seven parts of water it is 
about the strength of ordinary vinegar. It is produced from the 
purification of pyroligneous acid. 



MEDICINES USED FOR THE HORSE. 75 

Use. It is used by some with good results for sprains, and 
bruises, and for the destruction of the poison of insects, by adding 
to six ounces of the acid J ounce tincture of opium and two ounces 
of camphor. 

Muriatic Acid. This acid is obtained by the action of sulphur- 
ic acid on common salt. When pure it is a transparent colorless 
liquid ; but the commercial acid has a yellowish color. 

Muriatic acid is a good tonic in debilitating diseases of the horse 
and is refrigerant and antiseptic. 

Dose. Half to one fluid drachm may be given largely diluted 
with cold water and repeated two to four times a clay. 

Externally, it may be used for sores in the feet, by pouring a few 
drops in the sores or nail holes. Eight or ten drops may be advan- 
tageously used for poll-evil or quittor by being poured directly into 
the fistulous opening. 

It may be used for various affections of the skin by diluting with 
glycerine, and washing off in a short time if used strong. 

Carbolic Acid. This important medicine is obtained from coal 
tar oil. Its smell resembles that of creosote. 

Uses. It is used for various purposes such as a disinfectant in 
stables, where animals have distempers, fevers, &c, by washing 
the stalls, floors and ceilings, with water which contains a small 
quantity of the acid : also used with gratifying results for unhealthy 
wounds and sores, by applying a solution of the following strength ; 
Carbolic acid, 1 oz., fresh, soft water 6 pints ; this prevents putre- 
faction and will cause the wound to be more healthy and heal 
sooner. Carbolic acid is also used for destroying wood ticks, lice 
and all kinds of parasites, and is quite effective in preventing the 
bot fly from depositing her eggs when those parts which are com- 
monly chosen by the bot fly, are washed with a solution double the 
strength given above. 

Nitric Acid, (called also Aqua Fortis.) This is also a valuable 
tonic when properly given. It is extremely sour and corrosive, 
and should be guarded by the same caution as in giving the sul- 
phuric acid. 

Dose. It may be given in doses of 5 to 25 drops largely diluted 
with water. 



76 MEDICINES USED FOR THE HORSE. 

Sulphuric Acid, (called also oil of Vitriol). This acid is ob- 
tained by burning sulphur, mixed with one eighth of its weight of 
nitre over a stratum of water contained in a chamber lined with 
sheet-lead. 

Uses. Many consider this acid to be preferable to any other of 
the acids for internal use, in debility of digestive organs, general 
weakness and as a refrigerant. 

Externally, it is used similarly to muriatic acid. When it is de- 
sired to use it as a caustic it should be mixed with dry powdered 
white vitriol sufficient to make it of a pasty consistence so it can be 
confined to the location which it is desired to cauterize. 

This acid as well as nitric or muriatic acid is a powerful irritating 
poison when given into the stomach undiluted ; and persons should 
bear in "mind that when these acids are given that they should be 
largely diluted with water and thoroughly mixed before admin- 
istering. 

Dose, of Sulphuric acid is about 10 to 40 drops largely diluted 
with water. 

Tannic Acid. (Called, also, Tannin.) — This is produced from 
Nutgalls, Oak bark, &c. It is uncrystallizable, white, or slightly 
3 T ellowish, with a strong astringent taste, inodorous, soluble in 
water, but not very soluble in alcohol or ether, and insoluble in 
most oils. 

Tannic acid precipitates solutions of starch, albumen, and gluten, 
and forms with gelatine an insoluble compound which is the basis 
of leather. 

Uses. It is valuable mixed with water as a wash for running 
sores and ulcers, and is also excellent for diarrhoea, and may be 
given for any disease where this class of medicines is indicated. 
It will, in many cases of bleeding sores, stop the bleeding if ap- 
plied locally. It is sometimes used as an eye-wash with excellent 
success, by applying a solution of the following strength : tannic ac- 
id, -J ounce, cold water, one quart ; as it is harmless and safe to 
use, we would recommend it as an eye-wash. 

Dose. For diarrhoea the dose should be from J to 1 drachm. 

Aconite. (Wolfsbane — Monkshood.) An active poison which 
grows abundantly in the forests of Germany, France and Switzer 



MEDICINES USED FOR THE HORSE. 77 

.land. It is also cultivated in the gardens of Europe, and has been 
introduced into this country as an ornamental flower. All parts 
liare poison. The weaves and roots are used. A tincture made from 
I: the root is much more active than from the leaves. 

Tincture of Aconite Root. — This is one of the most powerful, and 
successful sedatives which is in use. It is one of the best medicines 
we have for the successful treatment of several of the diseases of 
'the horse, when properly used ; and has to a certain extent done 
away with bleeding and physicking ; the former of which has been in 
the past so indiscriminately and dangerously used. It is not only 
sedative, but it is an anodyne, diaphoretic and antiphlogistic. It 
[controls fever, reduces inflammation, and allaj^s pain. In fact, we 
have no drug, which will so well control the circulation and action 
bf the heart as aconite. 

Medical Uses — The effects of remedial doses are felt, in 20 or 30 
minutes, and are at their highth in an hour or two, and continue 
with little abatement from 3 to 5 hours. We have no single drug 
which is used with such gratifying results in many cases, such as 
lung fever, or in fact, inflammation of any part of the body, colic 
from eating green food, and founder. 

Caution. In over doses this valuable drug is an active poison, 
therefore, we would caution all who use it about giving too large 
quantities, as prostration and perhaps death would be the result. 
Never give more than 5 or 6 doses, if 25 drops are given at each 
dose, nor more than 7 or 8, if 20 drops are given at each dose. The 
flose may vary from 10 to 45 drops, but for most purposes should 
be about 25 drops. 

Aloes. Are of several varieties : Cape, Barbadoes and Soco- 
trine, and is the condensed juice of the leaves of a plant. Given 
by some" as a purgative or cathartic for horses ; others consider it 
bad practice to use it much. .Dose, should, for ordinary purposes, 
be from £ to 1 ounce. It is generally best to combine with it fenu- 
greek, ginger or canella. 

Antimony, exists in its natural state in France and Germany. 
The preparations of antimony which are used for the horse most, 
are 1st, sulphuret of antimony, also commonly called black antimony. 
This is by many considered a remarkable remedy for the horse, for 



78 MEDICINES USED FOR TUB HORSE. 

many purposes, but especially to make the horse shine-, and to have 
the appearance of being quite fat. 2d. Tartrate of antimony and 
Potassa commonly called tartar emetic, has been in great repute in 
the treatment of diseases of the chest ; but is now considered of but 
little value in these diseases. 

Anise Seed. Are obtained from the anise plant which is a na- 
tive of Egypt, but has been introduced into the south of Europe and 
is cultivated in various parts of that countiy, and is cultivated oc- 
casionally in the gardens of this country. 

Uses. It is a grateful aromatic carminative ; and is supposed to 
have the property of increasing the secretion of milk. It is used 
for flatulent colic, indigestion, loss of appetite, etc. It is an excel- 
lent remedy when combined with other medicines for various kinds 
of Condition powders. 

Dose. From J to two ounces and may be repeated three times a 
day. 

Aqua Ammonia, (called also Hartshorn.) This medicine is very 
valuable both for internal and external use. It is a diffusible stim- 
ulant, antispasmodic and antacid. It is used externally with olive 
oil, and in various mixtures as a counter irritant. Used as an an- 
tidote for bites of poisononous serpents. Given with good results 
for flatulent colic in doses of two to three drachms given with milk 
as directed below for carbonate of ammonia. 

Carbonate of Ammonia. This is a very valuable medicine for 
debility and prostration from lung fever, bronchitis, influenza or 
any disease causing great weakness. Its effects are similar to those 
of aqua ammonia given above. 

Dose. One to three drachms which may be repeated three times 
a day, and should be given in milk or cold gruel, so as to -protect 
the mucus membranes of the throat and stomach. 

Arsenic. This is an active poison in large doses, but when giv- 
en in proper doses is an excellent tonic, improving the general con- 
dition of the horse. It should be given in a large bulk of cut feed, 
bo as to protect the stomach. From 2 to 5 grains may be given in 
the 24 hours, and should be continued for about two weeks, when 
the medicine should be stopped for one or two weeks, and then it 



MEDICINES USED TOR THE HORSE. 79 

may be given again as before. Some consider it a sure cure foi 
heaves. 

Assafcetida. A gum-resin obtained from a plant of Persia by 
making incisions into the living root, and the juice which exudes 
is collected and dried in the sun. It has a peculiar odor similar to 
that of onions. 

Uses. It is antispasmodic, expectorant and a moderate stimu- 
lant and laxative. It is given as a vermifuge and for loss of appe- 
tite, also used for heaves in connection with camphor. (See treat- 
ment of heaves.) 

Dose. One to three dra.chms, and if the stimulant effect is wanted 
give from one to two ounces of the tincture. 

Blue Vitriol. This is an excellent medicine when given inter- 
nally, as a tonic to build up the system. Given for glanders, far- 
cy and various other diseases requiring tonic and alterative medi- 
cine, and should be combined with ginger, fenugreek or gentian. 
Externally blue vitriol is used with good results as a caustic for 
proud flesh, by touching the parts with a piece of the costal. It is 
also excellent for many wounds, which have no proud flesh by ap- 
plying it in solution, 6 to 12 grains to each ounce of soft water. 

Dose. It may be given in doses from J to 2 drachms, and given 
twice a day. 

Camphor. A peculiar concrete substance derived from a plant 
in China and Japan. It is recommended for nervous excitement, 
heaves, and is used in many cough mixtures. It is a favorite house- 
hold remedy, and used external!} 7 to a large extent. 

Dose. Camphor may be given in doses varying from J to 2 drs. 
Camphor gum, 1 oz., and sweet oil 8 ozs., mixed, makes a very 
good external remedy for various purposes. 

Cantharides. (Spanish Flies.) This remedy is produced by 
collecting the beetle commonly called Spanish Flies. 

These insects are of a beautiful, shining, golden green color, and us- 
ually make their appearance upon the trees of Spain, Italy, and the 
south of France in the months of May and June, when they are col- 
lected by placing linen cloths under the trees on which they have 
lodged through the night and by shaking the tree early in the morn- 



80 MEDICINES USED FOR THE HORSE. 

ing while they are torpid from the cold of the night, and consequent- 
ly let go their hold easily. 

They are then deprived of life by the vapor from boiling vinegar, 
and then dried in the sun or in rooms heated by stoves. 

Uses. Internally, cantharides are a powerful stimulant with a 
peculiar direction to the urinary organs, and in moderate doses it 
sometimes acts as a diuretic. Used with good results for glanders, 
and farcy. 

The principle use of the cantharides is as a blister by mixing it * 
with lard. 

Dose. Spanish Flies may be given in doses varying from 3 to 7 
grains given only once a day. 

Castor Oil. This is the expressed oil of the, seeds of the castor 
oil plant, which is now cultivated largely in this country throughout 
man} T of the Southern and Western States. 

Use. This oil is very useful and safe for common use in the hu- 
man family ; but is considered unfit for the horse as it sometimes 
causes inflammation of the coats of the bowels without relief from 
the purging. 

(Linseed Oil is considered as safe and efficient for the horse as 
castor oil is for man. See Linseed oil.) 

Dose. When it is thought best to give castor oil or in the ab- 
sence of the linseed oil it may be given in doses varying from f to 
1J pints. 

Catechu. An extract prepared from the wood of Acacia Cate- 
chu and found most abundant in the East Indies. It is a small tree 
seldom growing more than twelve feet in hight with the trunk 
about one foot in diameter. 

Use. An astringent which will bind the bowels in diarrhoea and 
is combined with good results with opium and prepared chalk for 
diarrhoea. 

Dose. One to three drachms. 

Prepared Chalk. (Creta Praeparata.) This is the only form 
in which chalk is used in medicine and is an excellent antacid ; is 
one of the best antidotes for oxalic acid. It is used with good re- 
sults for acidity of the stomach and for diarrhoea &c. 

Dose. One to two ounces. 



MEDICINES USED FOR THE HORSE. 81 

Chamomile Flowers. This is a native of Europe and grows 
wild in all the temperate parts of that continent and is also largely 
cultivated. 

Use. A very mild tonic and quite useful when combined with 
other medicines of this class. 

Dose. It may be given in doses vaiying from J to two ounces. 

Charcoal. This ma}' be given with good results powdered for 
chronic diarrhoea, dysentery and debilitated stomach. 

Dose. Half an ounce to one ounce and it may be given sus- 
pended in gruel. It ma}' be used with good results externally when 
applied to badly smelling wounds. 

Chloride of Lime. This compound was originally prepared for 
a bleaching agent nearly a century ago, and has since been found 
to have valuable properties as a disinfectant. It is a dry, or but 
slightly moist, grayish- white, pulverulent substance, with an odor 
similar to that of chlorine. 

Uses. Chloride of lime is a disinfectant, and from its deodoriz- 
ing and antiseptic properties makes an excellent stimulant to un- 
healthy ulcers, applied in solution, also for cutaneous eruptions, &c. 
Its principal use is as a disinfectant in stables occupied by glan- 
dered and other sickly horses, and may be sprinkled on the floor 
every morning, or may be suspended in the stable in a box which 
has several holes cut into it. 

Dose. When it is thought best to give it internally 1 to 5 
drachms ma}- be given at a dose, in water. 

Chloroform. Is a colorless, volatile, liquid, having a bland 
ethereal odor and sweetish taste. 

Uses. It is an excellent stimulant for horses when having a chill, 
from cold or in congestion and is sometimes given to quiet pain in 
colic and other painful diseases. It is used mostly in liniments and 
sometimes for inhalation. One ounce of chloroform and three 
ounces of olive oil well mixed makes an excellent liniment for ex- 
ternal use. When chloroform is given to the horse by inhalation, 
he should be well secured so as to prevent his doing any damage, 
as it sometimes makes the horse perfectly wild and uncontrollable. 
When any operation of any considerable extent is to be performed 



82 MEDICINES USED FOR THE HORSE. 

it is best to tie the horse down, and then administer the chloroform 
by pouring about an ounce of chloroform on a sponge, and holding 
the sponge to one nostril and covering the nose loosely with a large 
towel ; but care should be taken to allow the horse pure air, also to 
breathe with the fumes of the chloroform. Usually two to four 
ounces is sufficient to produce its effects when inhaled. 

Dose. One to two drachms well diluted with weak spirits. 

Croton Oil. This is a very powerful cathartic and dangerous 
if improperly used. But asa" last resort" many times works very 
well. 

Dose is usually from 10 to 15 drops. 

Elecampane. This is one of the best medicines in use for lung 
affections, and should enter largely into all mixtures for this class 
of diseases. It is also an agreeable aromatic, and should form a 
part of all Condition Powders. 

Epsom Salts. (Sulphate of Magnesia.) This medicine so well 
known in every household, is used with good results as a febrifuge, 
and is often given as a purgative. It is not only cheap, but it is 
very good for several diseases and forms a part of various condi- 
tion powders. 

Dose. £ to 1 pound with one ounce of ginger dissolved in as 
large quantity of cold water as can be given the horse conveniently 
and also allowing the horse to drink if he will after the salts have 
been given, for the reason that they will be much more efficient if 
largely diluted. 

Ergot. This is produced from diseased rye and is of great value 
in the foaling season, as it is the most effectual remedy known fo 
increasing the action of the uterus, when there is not sufficient con- 
traction. Great care should be taken when it is given that nothing 
prevents delivery, only deficient action of the uterus. It should 
not be used by the non-professional as they would be more likely 
to do harm with it than good ; in fact the cases demanding its use 
are very rare, but as we said before where its use is really called 
for nothing will act as well. 

Dose. Of the powder, ^ to f ounce. Of the tincture, one to two 
fluid ounces may be given. 



MEDICINES USED FOR THE HORSE. 83 

Ether. (Sulphuric Ether.) This is a very valuable remedy 
and is used with excellent results for colic, and for various pur- 
poses is a good antispasmodic. Given with tincture of opium it 
works admirably for colic. 

Dose. One to two fluid ounces. 

Euphorbium. This is the concrete resinous juice of a plant grow- 
ing in Africa and in other parts of the world. 

Use. Owing to the severity of its action, its internal use has 
been entirely abandoned and it is now only used externally, and it 
is so severe that it is but very little used now externally. 

Male Fern. The root of a plant growing in South Africa. Is 
said to be very valuable for ridding animals of worms. 

Dose. It may be given to the horse in doses of J to one pound 
of the powdered root, and followed with a purgative the next day. 

Fenugreek. An annual plant growing spontaneously in South- 
ern Europe. It has a peculiar odor which is quite agreeable. The 
seeds ground, is the portion used, and they enter largely into nearly 
all the condition powders which are put up and sold through the 
country. 

Dose, J to 1 ounce. 

Nut Galls. A morbid excresence upon the oak tree resulting 
from holes being made b}^ an insect in the bark. 

Uses. It is a powerful astringent, and is used to bind the bowels 
when affected with diarrhoea or dysentery, and used for applying 
to the greasy heels of horses. 

Dose. One to three drachms. 

Gentian. A valuable tonic. It excites the appetite, invigorates 
digestion, moderately increases the temperature of the body, and 
the force of the circulation, and may be combined with iron for de- 
bility, and is used in connection with other drugs for various pur- 
poses and forms an important part of various condition powders. 

Dose, £ to 2 drachms repeated 2 or 3 times a day. 

Ginger. Several varieties, of which the Jamaica or white ginger 
is the best, but all are used with good results for colic, loss of ap- 
petite, &c, and should enter into every dose of purgative medicine. 
Dose, froin 1 to 4 drachms. 



84 MEDICINES USED FOB THE HORSE. 

Glycerine. This is the sweet principle of fats or oils, and was 
discovered nearly a century ago when it was called the sweet prin- 
ciple of oils. It is a fluid which scarcely ever dries up, and is a 
thick syrupy substance resembling castor oil in its looks, but with- 
out smell and very sweet to the taste. 

Uses. It is an excellent application to many sores and is used 
with very gratifying results for scratches or sore heels ; also skin 
diseases where a softening and soothing application is required. 
When a little is added to poultices, it has the effect to keep them 
soft and moist for a long time. It is soluble in water. 

Iron. This is one of the most valuable medicines in use for 
many cases of debility, as it supplies the red corpuscles of the blooa 
which are generally deficient in a debilitated animal. Various 
preparations of iron are in use, of which the following are most 
commonly used. 

Copperas, — (Sulphate of Iron.) This is one of the cheapest 
and for many purposes the best. It is tonic and astringent, and 
used with good results for weakness, bad condition, swelling of 
the legs, body, sheath, &c. 

Dose, J to 2 drachms and should be combined with the same 
quantity of gentian or ginger, and given in the feed, or as a drench 
with cold water. 

Muriated tincture of iron. This is an excellent preparation of 
iron, and may be given in doses varying from J to 1 ounce. Al- 
though several other preparations of iron are in use, the two given 
above are all that are ordinarily required. 

Juniper Berries. The best Juniper berries come from the 
South of Europe and are about the size of a pea and more or less 
shrivelled. They are produced from a small evergreen shrub 
which sometimes grows twelve or fifteen feet high. It is used for 
loss of appetite, to stimulate the stomach to action, and in convales- 
cence from disease. 

Dose. . One to two ounces. 

Kino. This is inspissated juice of several plants winch grow 
in Africa, East and West Indies, South America, etc. 

It is a powerful astringent and is used in diarrhoea as a substitute 
for catechu which is not quite as powerful. 



MEDICINES USED FOR THE HORSE. 85 

Dose. One to five drachms. 

Linseed Oil. This is perhaps the safest and best purgative in 
common use, and should be given by non-professional persons in 
preference to any other medicine. 

Dose, 1 to 2 pints as a purgative. 

Liquorice Root. This is the root of a small plant growing 
four or five feet in height and which is cultivated in England, the 
north of France, and German}'. It has an agreeable sweetish taste. 

Uses. It is an excellent demulcent and well adapted to cases 
of irritation of the mucous membranes of the lungs, bowels, or 
urinary organs. It forms an important part of condition pow- 
ders, and especially when given for coughs. 

Dose. From J to 1 ounce. 

Mercurial Ointment. This is used mostly for skin diseases, as 
mange. But we prefer for this disease the treatment which we 
have already given in another place. Mercurial ointment is some- 
times used with good results to rid animals of lice by boring a 
small hole where the animal is liable to rub its neck and fill it with 
mercurial ointment. 

Nitre. — Saltpetre. This medicine has long been used as a feb- 
rifuge and as a diuretic, and is still held in high esteem b} T many, 
but there are other drugs which are better adapted to the treat- 
ment of the various diseases for which it has long been used. 

Use. As a febrifuge in fevers and inflammations and for kidney 
complaints ; also is used by mairy in condition powders for scratches 
and various disorders of the blood. 

Dose. 1J to 3 drachms. 

Nux Vomica. This is an active poison in large doses but when 
given in proper quantities is an excellent tonic and nervine for 
the horse when suffering from depression, dyspepsia, etc. 

Use. In paralysis and also in " glass eye" in the horse, depend- 
ing upon a want of nervous energy in the optic nerve. 

Dose. The tincture is generally used of which 1 to 3 drachms 
may be given two or three times a day. 

Oil of Tar. This is procured by the distillation of tar, and is 
an excellent remedy for .any cough, heaves, &c. (See treatment 



86 MEDICINES USED FOR THE IIORSE. 

of heaves.) It is also an excellent application externally when 
mixed with equal parts of castor oil or sweet oil, to promote the 
growth of the hoof of* the horse. This mixture makes an excellent 
hoof ointment. To darken the color, lamp black may be mixed in 
sufficient quantity to suit the color of the foot. 

Dose. Oil of tar may be given internally in doses of from one 
half to two drachms. 

Oil of Turpentine. (Commonly called spirits or spirit of tur- 
pentine.) This is so common and well known that it will not need 
an}^ description here. 

Uses. It is stimulant, diuretic, anthelmintic, diaphoretic, and 
externally rubefacient. It is given largely in several diseases of 
the horse, such as colic, for various lung difficulties and for the ex- 
pulsion of worms. As an external remedy combined with an equal 
quantity of sweet oil, or in various mixtures, it is used with good 
results, but should not be applied to the horse while in full strength. 

Dose. The dose of spirits of turpentine is from one to two 
ounces and should always be mixed with twice its bulk of sweet oil. 

Opium. This is the dried juice of the poppy, and is brought to 
this country from Turkey, (which is probably the best) , and also 
from several other countries. It is certainly one of the most valu- 
able drugs in use, but should not be used indiscriminately. It re- 
He ves pain, and is used with great success for colic and various 
other diseases. ; 

Dose, is i to 1J drachms. 

Oxide of Zinc. This is as an inodorous, tasteless, yellowish* 
white powder, and insoluble in water and alcohol. 

Uses* Given, internally, it is tonic and antispasmodic. Its 
principal use is external, applied to excoriated surfaces by sprink- 
ling the powder on the affected part, or by applying it in the form 
of an ointment, by mixing one drachm oxide of zinc and one ounce 
of lard. It is used with good results for scratches, grease heels, 
and other sores which have a discharge of a thin fluid. Another 
good ointment may be made by mixing oxide of zinc to a mixture 
of shaved castile soap, moistened with a little water, and all thor- 
oughly mixed together. The last mixture is an excellent prepara- 
tion for scratches and grease heels on horses which are kept at work. 



MEDICINES USED FOR THE HORSE. 87 

as it can be easily cleaned off at night, so that the surface may be 
cleansed before another application is made for the night. It allays 
irritation and is quite soothing to the parts. 

Dose. Internally it is given in doses of from J to 1 drachm. 

Red Iodide op. Mercury. (Called also Biniodide of Mercury.) 
This is a powerful irritant poison when taken internally and is 
used now only as an external remedy. It is a scarlet-red pow- 
der, T\hich like othei creparations of Mercury is very heavy for 
its bulk ; not soluble in water and only slightly so in alcohol. 
It is held in great repute by veterinary surgeons for swellings of 
the glands of tnt neck ; tumors and unnatural growths of all kinds. 

It is used principally with Cantharides mixed with lard, which 
forms an excellent blister for various purposes. It is not generally 
used where it is desired to blister a large surface as. it produces 
considerable pain. 

Rosin, or Resin. This is the residue left from the distillation 
of turpentine, and is used hy horsemen quite freely, and many times 
is the cause of much mischief ; as it is used to a considerable ex- 
tent, to cause the horse to urinate more freely, and the overdoses, 
so frequently given, are often the cause of various diseases of the 
kidneys and loins. The oftener rosin is given the horse, the more 
he stands in need of it in the eyes of the driver. The kidneys be- 
come over-worked he desires to urinate more frequentty, less urine 
is voided at each time. The mischief is not seen, and the owner 
hastens to give more rosin, thinking to remedy the defect that he 
has been instrumental in producing. It should be remembered 
that powerful diuretics, like powerful purgatives, tend only to 
weaken and to debilitate. If there be a urinary defect find out 
the cause, and, if possible have it removed, and the effect will 
cease ; but do not attempt to do so by force, against all science and 
common sense. 

Sweet Spirits op Nitre. This is generally considered a good 
household remedy for fevers, &c. It is used for the horse to in- 
crease the action of the kidneys : but should not be given too free- 
ly in all cases of supposed inaction of the kidneys. 

Dose, is from 1 to 2 ounces, given with a little cold water. 

Sulphur. Is a valuable medieine given internally for rheuma- 



88 MEDICINES USED FOR TIIE HORSE. 

tism, in doses of J to 2 ounoes, and also for various disorders. It 
is also used with grand success for skin diseases. 

Tar. The tar used in this country, is prepared mostly from a 
species of pine growing in the Southern States. Tar consists of 
resinous matter, united with acetic acid, oil of turpentine and vari- 
ous volatile empyreumatic products, and colored with charcoal. 

Uses. The medical properties of tar, are similar to those of the 
turpentines. It is used occasionally with good results for com- 
plaints of the urinary passages, and also for coughs. Externally 
it is used for foul and indolent sores : also an excellent application 
to the bottom of the foot, to soften the hoof when too hard and the 
foot sore. Some prefer a mixture of glycerine and tar, mixed as 
follows ; take of tar and glycerine each, six troy ounces, and of 
starch, in powder, two drachms ; mix the starch thoroughly with 
the glycerine, previously warmed, then add the tar, and heat quick- 
ly to 212.° Strain, if necessary, and stir the mixture while cool- 
ing. Tar should be k^pt in every horse shoeing shop for putting 
on the shoe, usually with cotton batting or oakum, and having leath- 
er nailed on with the shoe. 

Dose. 1 to 2 ounces repeated two or three times a day. 

White Vitriol. (Sulphate of Zinc.) This preparation of zinc 
is a valuable medicine, also, for healing sores and wounds. It is 
used with good results, for healing fresh cuts and wounds, or ul- 
cers, whether they be healthy or unhealthy, by applying a solution 
of the following strength: Take white vitriol, 1 oz., soft water, 
one quart. It is also used with very good results, in eyewaters, 
and perhaps is one of the very best of medicines we have for the 
eye. As we have given two or three receipts for eyewaters, with 
the miscellaneous receipts, we refer all who are interested to those. 

Dose. When given as a tonic, 10 to 15 grains may be given dis- 
solved in water. It is used with good results for irritated stomach, 
loss of appetite, &c. 



CONTENTS. 



89 



CONTENTS . 



Abdominal Dropsy, 3 

Abscess of the Brain, 3 

Abscess of the Lungs, 24 

Age of the Horse, 40 

AtroDhy, 34 

Baldness,... 28 

Blood Spavin, 32 

Bots 3 

Bog Spavin, 32 

Bone Spavin, 29 

Breeding,, 41 

Bronchitis, 4 

Burns and Scalds, 5 

Callous, 5 

Capped Elbow, 5 

Capped Hock, 6 

Capped Knee, 6 

Cautery, 6 

Chronic Bronchitis, 5 

Chronic Founder, 14 

Chronic Rheumatism, 25 

Col ic, 6 

Corns, JB ., 8 

Curb, 9 

Debility, 10 

Deformities in young colts, .... 10 

Diarrhoea, 10 

Distemper, 11 

Doses for the Horse, 38-39 

Dysentery, Acute, 10 

Epizootic, 11 

Experience with bone Spavin, 61 

Farcy,, 12 

Firing, 6-13 

Firing Horses, 13 

Flatulent Colic, 8 

Foot diseases, 13 

Founder, 13 

Fracture, 14 

Frost Bites, 15 

Glanders, 16 

Gravel, 21 

(Srease Heels, 16 

Heaves, 17 

Hide-bound, 18 

Hints on food, 18 

Hip-joint Lameness, 19 

Inflammation of Bladder, 21 

Inflammation of Bowels, 4 

Inflammation of Kidneys, 21 

Inflammation of Stomach, 19 

Influenza, 20 

Interfering, 20 



Kendall's Spavin Cure, 59 

Kendall's Spavin Cure, Ag'ts for 70 
Kendall's Spavin Cure, Refer- 
ences, 72 

Kidneys, disease of 20 

Laminitis, 13 

Lameness, 22 

Lampers, 22 

Lumbrici, . 36 

Lungs, diseases of 22 

Lung Fever, 22 

Mange 28 

Medicines used for the horse,.. 74 

Nasal Gleet,...* 24 

Navicular disease, 24 

Occult Spavin, 32 

Pin-worms, , 36 

Pleurisy, 23 

Pneumonia., 22 

Poll-evil, 24 

Proud Flesh, 24 

Quittor, 24 

Receipts, Miscellaneous 45 

Rheumatism, 25 

Ring-bone, 25 

Saddle Galls, 26 

Scratches, 27 

Shoe Boil, 5 

Shoeing, 43 

Shoulder Lameness, 27 

Shoulder-joint Lameness, 27 

Side Bones, 28 

Skin Diseases, 28 

Sores, 29 

Spavin 29-59-61 

Splint, 32 

Sprain, 33 

Staggers, 33 

Stiffle-joint Lameness, 33 

Strangles, 1 1 

§weeny, 34 

Table of doses, 38 

Taenia, 36 

Tape worm, 36 

Testimonials, 64 

Thoroughpin, 34 

To Horse Owners, 59 

Tumors, 34 

Water Farcy, 34 

Wind Galls, 35 

Windy Colic, 8 

Worms, 35 

Yellow Waters 37 



IMPORTANT TO HORSEMEN, 



A statement made in 1875 and also one below from the same man in 
1879. Read them both. 

Berkshire, Vt., August 30, 1875. 
B. J. KENDALL, Dear Sir : 

I have found Kendall's Spavin Cure to be of such incalculable 
value in curing Spavins on horses that I am free to assist in the spread- 
ing of its reputation by recommending it in this public manner. I had 
a valuable horse which in some way had a bone spavin come on him 
and the bunch grew until it was the size of one-half of a hen's egg. I 
never had heard of your Spavin Cure at this time, but I procured va- 
rious other medicines which were said to be sure cures, all of which I 
gave a thorough trial, but none seemed to reach the case at all. I finally 
got a bottle of your Spavin Cure and used it as directed (only applying 
over a space the size of the bunch each time) but as it did not blister 
the horse I thought it would not cure him although I continued to put 
it on and after a while turned the horse out to pasture and then only 
applied it about every other day. In a short time a large crust or scab 
peeled off which had seemed to work out from the bunch, and then I 
could see that the bunch was almost entirely removed. I used the re- 
mainder of the bottle and my horse was entirely cured. It has removed 
the bunch entirely and now no person can tell any difference in his hind 
legs. 

I consider it the most wonderful medicine for Spavins that I ever 
have known of being used for the reason that it cures and without blis- 
tering or causing any pain when it is applied; it removes the bunch 
entirely which I never have known being done by any other remedy, and 
does not disturb the natural growth of hair or leave any callous, but in 
a, short time after it has been left off no person could tell that any med- 
icine had been applied. 

Hoping that this will be the means of benefiting others as it has me 
I remain. Yours truly, R. A. Gaines. 

Horsemen should read the following statement made under oath : 

To whom it mat concern: — In the year 1875, I treated with Ken- 
dall's Spavin Cure a bone spavin of several months growth, nearly half 
as large as a hen's egg, and completely stopped the lameness and re- 
moved the engagement so far, as I can see. I have worked the horse 
ever since very hard and he never has been lame, nor could I ever see 
any difference in the size of the hock joints since I treated him with 
Kendall's Spavin Cure. R. A. Gaines. 

Enosburgh Falls, Vt., Feb. 25, 1879. 

Sworn and subscribed to before me, this 25th day of February, A. D. 
1879. John G. Jenne. 

Justice of the Peace. 

Kendall's Spavin Cure can now be had at nearly every Drug Store, 
but if at any time you cannot get it of your druggist or other merchants, 
send direct to us as directed on the 70th page of this book. Also consult 
pages from 59th to 73d which will be for your advantage if you are in- 
terested in the horse. 



ST. LAURENT, 




A Norman French Stallion, imported from France in 18T0, by E. Dillon & Co., Normal, 
111. His weight is 2,100. This horse represents one of the best class of Draft Horses 
ever brought to this country for breeding purposes. 

CASSIUS M. CLAY, JR., (Strader's.) 




This fine horse, bred by O. B. Gould, has been purchased by Gen. w 
or his Fairlawn Stock Farm, near Lexington, Ky. He wa q ^ "' 
hinds high, and wets*" "M50 rwynds: 
and n 
well p 



SAMSON'S PATENT 




RAILWAY HORSE POWERS 



For one and two horses, and Machines for Sawing Wood. 

Also, Machines for Threshing and Cleaning Grain, etc., 

MANUFACTURED BY 

WM. SAMSON & CO., East Berkshire, Vt. 

We wish to mention to the public that we are manufacturing a very 
superior Horse Power, and in asking for a trial of them we are not put- 
ting forth a new and untried Machine. For a number of years past we 
have been watching and testing quite a variety of Powers and. among 
them all, we are sure the Middletown or Gray Horse Power is the best. 
The only weak part we find in said Power is the lag iron that forms the 
endless cog chine that passes over the pinions on the main shaft. With 
our Patent Lag Iron, we just complete this well known machine. The 
general construction of our Powers is the same as the Gray's. We use 
the best of material in every part. Any one not acquainted with the 
Power mentioned please send to us for a circular. Just a word here 
about our Patent Lag Iron. It is made wholly of the best refined wrought 
Iron. The mortise above the cogs for receiving the tenon formed on 
the end of the lag-wood by a saw kerf, is made of one piece of iron and 
is so joined to cogged part that it greatly stengthens it. There are no 
rivets that can work loose. The lag iron is held firm to the lag by a sim- 
ple but sure device. These irons will fit the Gray Powers. Any one 
wishing to examine one can have one free by sending to us. Our One 
Horse Powers are wider than has commonly been the practice of build-. 
ing. For our Two Horse Powers we have a gear, that can be furnished 
at a small cost, to reverse the motion, so that an undershot thresher 
cylinder can be used if desired. We wish further to be noticed that we 
are the only company of the kind that deals directly with the farmers or 
parties using our machines. By so doing they get the agent's commis- 
° , ' r >n. that is commonly paid by the purchaser, which is quite an item to 
1 to us for price list and description of our Powers, Sawing 
- «H n.lso the Franklin Co. Churns for either pow- 

N, 



THE AMERICAN SHEARER MT'G. CO., 

Manufacturers of Power and Hand 

Horse Clipping Machines. 

(Centennial Award.) 
We make four power machines. 

Prices. 
No. 1 has a rotary or vibrating 




cutter, 
No. 2 has a rotary or vibrating 

cutter, .... 
No. 3 has a rotary or vibrating 

cutter, 
No. 4 driven by air, vibrating 

cutter, 


$75.00 
50.00 
35.00 
50.00 


Extra handles rotary complete, 


20.00 


" " vibrating, M 


18.00 


^fplfij Price of Cutter, . 


$ 1.00. 


■ tltilllll Price of Comb, . 


. 2.00. 



Our hand machines are the best in the market, having the following advantages: 

All its parts are made to a gauge and if any part is broken or worn out it can be replaced at list 
price. 

Each machine is put up in a strong wooden box which is furnished with an iron plate on which to 
grind the cutters when they become dull. 

The combs and cutters are readily detatched from the machine. 

If prepaid we send by mail without charge for postage. 

If the combs and cutters are sent to us by mail, we sharpen and return for forty cents. 

We make eight grades of hand machines. 



No. 


5, 


No. 


5 a, 


No. 


5b ; 


No. 


5 c, 



No. 5 d, 



plain, with 3 inch cutter, 
polished, with 3\ inch cutter, 

" 3 '" 
nickeled, M 3 " " 

o 4 .... 

No. 10, is a one hand machine 2£ inch cutter, polished 
No. 10 a, " " " " " ' nickeled,' 

No. 10, with a comb 3-16 inch thick makes a Barber's machine 
Nashua, N. H., U. S. A., P. O. box 578. 

B. J. Kendall is authorized by the company to take orders. 



$3.75 
5.50 
4.50 
5.00 
6.00 
4.50 
5.00 



WE WANT AGENTS to sell this book in every 
town in the United States and Canada. 



It is giving the very best of satisfaction everywhere, as is evident from the hundreds 
of letters received by the publisher, speaking of it in the highest of terms; a sample 
of which we give below. 

The Editor of the " Westekn Sportsman and Live Stock News ", under date of 
Jan. 4, 1879, says of it: " it is a book that every owner of a horse should have, and 
no breeder of "horses can afford to do without. It has 35 engravings illustrating po- 
sitions assumed by sick horses, and gives treatment of diseases in such plain and com- 
prehensive language as to be readily understood by any one of ordinary intelligence. 
We would not exchange it for any book on the horse and his diseases that we have ever 
seen, and we have read some books of the kind that cost ten dollars. It contains a large 
number of recipes, any one of which is worth double the price of the work." 
Dr. WM. H. Hall, Canandaigua, N. Y., under date of Dec. 3d, 1878, says of it: 
" I have bought books from England that I paid live and ten dollars for, which I do 
not like as well as I do yours. It is different from anything 1 ever saw." 
Elijah W. Stearns, of Bedford, Mass., in a letter of recent date, says of it: 
"I have examined it with care. There are two wonders respecting it": first, that any 
book however voluminous, containing so much practical common sense matter, of ster- 
ling value, could be written; second^ that it could be condensed into so small compass. 
The book i3 all gold, no dross. By the aid of it, any person of ordinary intelligence 
can doctor his own horse." 



FOR TERMS TO AGENTS, 



Address 



B. J. Kendall, Enosburgh Falls, Vt. 



IT Will REMOVE THE LUARGEJIENT. 




SOLD BY DRUGGETS EVERYWHERE. 



C. I MOSIMAN & BRO., 
tk 



MANUFACTURERS OF 




Harness, Horse Clothing, 

RIDING SADDLES, 

Carriage Robes, &c, 

AT LOW PRICES. 

Office and Salesroom 

128 Chambers St., M". Y 




X5L:E3:DJ-:D^LX a X J ' , SB BLISTEH. 

We wish to have it understood that " KENDALL'S 
BLISTER " is entirely different from " Kendall's Spavin 
Cure," as the latter does not blister. 

""Kendall's Blister" is an excellent remedy for spavins, (espec- 
ially blood or bog spavins), ring-bone, splint, or any similar difficulty. 
In all bad cases of long standing we think they can* be more successful- 
ly treated by the use of " KENDALL'S BLISTER " in connection with 
•• KENDALL'S SPAVIN CURE," (as directed on labels,) than by any 
other remedies in use, as many cases which will not yield to any other 
remedies, or to either of these alone, will soon yield to the use of our 
Blister followed up b y the use of our Spavin Cure, as directed. 

Besides our Blister being a complete remedy when used with the 
Spavin Cure, we think it is well adapted to all cases where any blister 
would be applicable. 

This blister is not like many, so powerful as to destroy the skin and 
other tissues, yet it is very effective, and we believe the very best prep- 
aration, of its kind, which is now in use. 

Although this blister was first designed to be used with the Spavin 
Cure, we have learned that it works admirably alone, in many cases, 
and where parties live at a distance, and cannot find the Spavin Cure at 
their stores, they can easily obtain our Blister by forwarding us the 
price, ($ 1.00), and we will send, by return mail, to any address. 

Our Blistek is put up in tin boxes and can be sent by mail with per- 
fect safety, to any part of the world. 
B. J. KENDALL, M. D., Enosburgh Falls, Vermont. 




PURIFY YOUR 
BLOOD IF YOU 



would be HEALTHY. 



Kendall's Tonic and Blood Pu- 
rifier is one of the best health-giving medicines 
and purifiers of the Elood that has ever been 
placed before the public. 

We claim for this medicine all that is indica- 
ted by its name ; that it is a Tonic and a Blood 
Purifier, which makes it the very best remedy 
for Scrofulous and Syphihtc Affections, Erupt- 
ive and Cutaneous Diseases. Pimples, Tum- 
ors, swelled Neck, Blotches, Boils, Salt Rheum, 
Ulcers and Sores, Scald Head, Rheumatism, 
Erysipelas, Female Weakness, Pain in the 
Chest, Joints, Limbs or across the back, Drop- 
sy, Liver Complaints, Constipation, Palpitation 
of the Heart, Dyspepsia, Neuralgia, Headache, 
Abuse of Mercury and all conditions accompan- 
ied by General Debility and requiring an Alter- 
ative and Tonic Medicine. 

If you have any disease fastened upon you 
send us a three cent stamp for our 32 page 
pamphlet which contains a treaties on diseases. 

Where " Kendall's Tonic & Blood Purifier'' 
is not kept by your dealers in medicines, we will 
send to any address on receipt of price $ 1 00 pel 
bottle or six bottles $ 5.00. We will put in a 
present worth about what the express will be. 

KENDALL & RUBLEE, 

Enosburgh Falls, Vermont 



H. DRESSEL'S 




Improved Carriage Top, 

With Patent Shifting Rail, are in use most 
everywhere ; they can be easily adjusted to any 
buggy, old or new. We call especial attention 
to Tubular Bow Sockets anil best Norway Iron 
Rail. All our work warranted. Call for Price 
List. 

B. J. Kendall, ag't for Proprietor. 



LOOK WELL TO YOUR HORSE'S FEET. 



No. 4 repres nts 
driving, one thin 
or the nail, passed 
was returned lami 
bnken off, leavm- 
Upon dissecting t'l 
Coffin bone, as see 

The foot is the m 
care and attention 
tor how perfeut or 
ait) -ether ic 
" NO FOJT 

As tlie rem 



This drawing shows how many horses* 
are made lame and permanently injured 
by the use of the cold-cut and shear- 
ed pointed nails. This process of 
manufacture produces lamination, caus- 
the iron to form in layers, and when 
driven into the foot the horny fibres of 
" iw ^"~ which the hoof is composed cause the 

nail to separate at the point and one portion passes into the foot, 
o thesj nails which was driven into the hoof, and slivered in 
e quick or sensitive sole. No. .5, the thick blade 
.e h >of for clinching. After a few days the hors 




e p i-sing mt 
ni' the wall o 
id upon the ] 
iver in the f 
>t a p >rtion o 
Fig. 2, letter A, t 

IMPORTANT men 



U of the shoe, a nail similar to the above was 
t; Lockjaw ensued, from Which the horse died, 
the nail was found to have penetrated through the 



us sacriiicihg the life of a valuable animal. 

her of the animal's body, to which the greatest 
ntion should be dire -ted; for when it becomes injured or diseased, no mat- 
set or sound the other parts may be, the horse's services are diminished or 
st. Henci the value of a horse depends upon the condition of his feet. 

no no its r:.- 

3dy lies with the owner of the horse, it is for him to prohibit any cold-rolled 



or sheare I nails beinj 
H a m me r-poi n ted 
CLIPPED NOR SHEARE1 

NAIL . See that y uir iiors 
dealers in Horse Nails. 



used in his horse's feet. The onlv Hot-drawn and 
Horse Shoe Nail in the Worid that is not cut, 
upon the point and will not split in driving is the PUTNAM 

For sale bv all 



ii shod with this nail and avoid all risks 




This drawing was made from a nail, 
showing the lamination of iron in the 

COLD-ROLLED AND SHEARING process. 




This drawing was made from the 
nail taken from the hoof and colli a 
bone, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. 



We have known several ca-e? in which valuab'e horse? have be. m b idiv lamed by the 
use of Cold-Rolled and Smeared horse shoe mils We hive used the same nails 
and been compelled to banish them from our shop. The Hot Forging process is the only 
sure manner of making a true driving and safe nail. 

Rev. W. II. II. MURRAY, Golden Rule, October 31, 1877. 

Office of the Ledger, New York, November, 22, 1S77. 

Messrs. Putnam & Co., Genls.— I hive been using your nails for four or five weeks 
on all the shoes that we put on my horses, and I have no hesitation in saying that we 
have never used any nails that gave us so little trouble. I prefer the n to any hand- 
made nail that I have ever seen. Yours truly, ROBERT BONNER. 

Babylon, Long Island, N. Y., August, 1878. 

Putnam Nail Co.— Gents : I have been using yo'ur Hot Forged and Hammer Point- 
ed Horse Shoe Nails upon the the track horses under my charge for nearly two years, 
and I am more than pleased with the results. I have never used a nail which has 
given such great satisfaction, relieving me of all anxiety of the casting of a shoe dur- 
ing the race. The superior iron from which your nail is forged enables the turf, 
man to use a much smaller nail which is a very great advantage to all track horses. 
I shall recommend them as the most safe and reliable nail for the track. 

Yours truly, CHAS. S. GREEN. 

P. S.— All persons who have valuable horses should use only the Putnam Nail, thus 
avoiding all risks. 

The Putnam Nail Co., Boston: Gentlemen,— After long usage can safely recom- 
mend to all owners of track and light-harness horses your Hot Forged Horse Shoe 
Nails. Yours respectfully, BUDD DOBLE. 

Samples sent free by mail by addressing 

PUTNAM NAIL CO., ' 



P. O. Address, Neponset, Mass., 



Boston. Mass, 



Mr. Batten's imported Orloff, "SOBOL. 




This fine Connecticut horse, owned in Norfolk, was lately imported by his owner to 
supply the demand for a park or phaeton horse that should possess the requisites of size, 
beauty of form, stylish action, power and endurance. He is 15 3-4 hands high, black, 
with three white feet, rather light mane, and a tail of fair proportions. He is a Russian 
horse, foaled in 1870, and came from the stud of a Russian Count. His movement in a 
carriage is easy, graceful, without the least chafing or friction, and he can be easily 
driven by a lady. But the power and endurance that lies dormant under ordinary usage, 
is brought out to surprise the beholder if the horse is allowed the stimulus of a short 
trial of speed. Sobol is represented as appropriate in the easy movement suited to the 
carriage, where his stepping shows him to advantage. 

HORSE SUSPENDING SLING. 




This cut shows the best way 
to make a sling to suspend a 
horse while treating a fracture, 
or for any other purpose for 
which a sling is used. 

They can be made at a mod- 
erate expense, or we can usu- 
ally furnish them, if desired, for 
$20.00, without pulleys and 
ropes. 






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